Hocazâde'nin Tehâfüt'ünün Sebeplik Bölümü Üzerine Bir İnceleme
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Date
2016
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Abstract
Bu makalede, Osmanlı Sultanı II. Mehmed'in (ö. 886/1481) teşvikiyle on beşinci asırda yazılmış tehâfütlerden biri olan Hocazâde'nin (ö. 893/1488) Tehâfüt'ündeki sebeplik meselesine hasredilen on dokuzuncu bölüm, analitik bir incelemeye tabi tutulmaktadır. Hocazâde'nin sebepliğe ilişkin tartışması, Gazâlî (ö. 505/1111) bağlamı dikkate alındığında eleştirel bir çerçevede seyreder. Bu en açık şekliyle, Hocazâde'nin, İbn Sînâ'yı (ö. 428/1037), filozofların mucizeleri reddettiğine ilişkin Gazâlî'nin ithamından kurtarma çabasında görülür. Ayrıca, Hocazâde'nin sebeplik tartışması, Gazâlî'nin tartışmasından hem kavram hem de argümantasyon düzeyinde birtakım farklar taşır. Argümantasyon düzeyindeki farklılıklar arasında en dikkat çeken husus, Hocazâde'nin kendi vahiy ve mucize anlayışını, Gazâlî'den ziyade İbn Sînâcı nübüvvet teorisine dayandırmasıdır. Böylece Hocazâde, İbn Sînâ sisteminin mucizelerin imkânına yer bırakmadığına ilişkin iddiaya karşı uygulamalı bir cevap vermiş olur. Kavramsal düzeyde ise Hocazâde, Gazâlî'den farklı olarak tam illet-nakıs illet ayrımına gider ve nakıs illet olarak gördüğü tabiatların kendi eserlerini meydana getirme konusunda yetersizliğini göstermek için başka bir alan açmış olur. Öte yandan Hocazâde, sebepliğin ontolojik bir zorunluluk içermediği ve fakat bu durumun bilgilerimizdeki kesinliği zaafa uğratmayacağı hususunda Gazâlî ile hemfikirdir
In this article, the nineteenth section of Khojazada's (d. 893/1488) Tahafut, which was devoted to the problem of causality in an example of the works under the same title written during the fifteenth century and composed with the patronage of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II (d. 886/1481), is subjected to a critical analysis. His discussion follows a critical course with respect to al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111) in context. This could be detected most clearly in his vindication of Avicenna (d. 428/1037) against al-Ghazali's accusation of the philosophers' denial of miracles. Moreover, Khojazada's discussion has certain differences with al-Ghazali's at both the conceptual and the argumentative levels. The most striking differences at the argumentative level is Khojazada's grounding of his own conception of revelation and miracles on Avicennia's, rather than al-Ghazali's, theory of prophethood. By the same token, he offered a practical response to the imputation that the Avicennian system leaves no room for the possibility of miracles. At the conceptual level, furthermore, he distinguished between complete and incomplete causes, in contradistinction with al-Ghazali, and thereby opened another ground in order to demonstrate the inability of those natures that he viewed as incomplete causes to produce their own effects. On the other hand, Khojazada concurs with al-Ghazali that causality did not presume an ontological necessity, yet this condition did not incur defects on the certainty of our knowledge
In this article, the nineteenth section of Khojazada's (d. 893/1488) Tahafut, which was devoted to the problem of causality in an example of the works under the same title written during the fifteenth century and composed with the patronage of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II (d. 886/1481), is subjected to a critical analysis. His discussion follows a critical course with respect to al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111) in context. This could be detected most clearly in his vindication of Avicenna (d. 428/1037) against al-Ghazali's accusation of the philosophers' denial of miracles. Moreover, Khojazada's discussion has certain differences with al-Ghazali's at both the conceptual and the argumentative levels. The most striking differences at the argumentative level is Khojazada's grounding of his own conception of revelation and miracles on Avicennia's, rather than al-Ghazali's, theory of prophethood. By the same token, he offered a practical response to the imputation that the Avicennian system leaves no room for the possibility of miracles. At the conceptual level, furthermore, he distinguished between complete and incomplete causes, in contradistinction with al-Ghazali, and thereby opened another ground in order to demonstrate the inability of those natures that he viewed as incomplete causes to produce their own effects. On the other hand, Khojazada concurs with al-Ghazali that causality did not presume an ontological necessity, yet this condition did not incur defects on the certainty of our knowledge
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Felsefe
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NAZARİYAT İslâm Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi
Volume
3
Issue
1
Start Page
45
End Page
78