İbnü'l-Esîr'de Beytülmakdis
Date
2019
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Kudüs, (Beytülmakdis) tarihin hemen her döneminde dîni, siyasi ve sosyal açılardan adından söz ettirmiştir. Şehir, üç semavi dinin mensupları tarafından kutsal kabul edilmektedir. Bu özelliği dolayısıyla da tarih boyunca savaşlara sahne olmuş, tahribe uğramıştır. Bugünde şehir etrafında gelişen olaylar, esasında bu kadim tarihinin bir sonucudur. Kudüs'ün günümüzdeki durumunu anlayabilmek için onun dini, siyasi ve sosyal tarihinin derinlemesine incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun için de şehrin tarihini ele alan müstakil eserlerin yanısıra bu konuda geniş bilgi veren diğer kitaplara da başvurulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, Ortaçağın ünlü İslam tarihçisi İbnü'l-Esîr'in(ö. 632/1233) el-Kâmil fi't-Tarih adlı eserinde Kudüs tarihi hakkında yazdıkları incelenmiştir. Alemin yaratılışından yazarın yaşadığı döneme kadarki olayları kapsayan el-Kâmil'de, diğer İslam tarihi kaynaklarına nazaran, Kudüs tarihi hakkında daha geniş bilgiler yer almaktadır. El-Kâmil'de, Kudüs'ün İsrailoğulları dönemindeki durumu ağırlıklı olarak anlatılmaktadır. Şehrin Hz. Peygamber zamanındaki durumu, İsra ve Mirac hadisesi, Kıble'ninMescid-i Aksa'dan Kabe'ye tahvili, Hz. Ömer zamanında 638 senesinde fethi, 1099'da Haçlılar tarafından işgali ve Selahaddin-i Eyyubi'nin 1187'de şehri geri alması Beytülmakdis tarihinin önemli konu başlıklarını oluşturmaktadır.
Beytulmakdis (Al-Quds) is the city which has great religious and social respect in almost every period of history. Therefore it has been subjected to many invasions and destruction. The meanings attributed to the city eventhe geographical position and being common sanctuary for three celestial religions, are significant effect on the emergence of these results. Today, the events around the city are essentially inevitable consequence of it sancient history. In order to understand its present, it is necessary to know its religious, political and social history. This requires a comparative analysis of the boks that refer to the history of the city. One of these books is Ibn al-Athir'sal-Kâmil which covers events from the creation of the realm to the author's period. One of the most important subjects of this book, is the city of Beytulmakdis (Al-Quds). İbn al-Athir did not write the history of Al-Quds (Jerusalem) in a spesific title except for a few topics. In the general of his book, he wrote the history of Jews, the Prophet Muhammed's life reliated to Jerusalem, the conquest of Al-Quds by Muslims (by the Caliph Omer) in 638, the occupation by the Crusaders in 1099, there coquest of the city in 1187 by Salahaddin. Al Kâmil has more detailed information about the history of Al-Quds than other sources of Islamic history. Along with this study, the history of Beytulmakdis in al-Kâmil was compared with the other books, and sources not mentioned by Ibn al-Athir, the subject of Beytulmakdis in Ibn al-Athirwasdiscussed in general terms.
Beytulmakdis (Al-Quds) is the city which has great religious and social respect in almost every period of history. Therefore it has been subjected to many invasions and destruction. The meanings attributed to the city eventhe geographical position and being common sanctuary for three celestial religions, are significant effect on the emergence of these results. Today, the events around the city are essentially inevitable consequence of it sancient history. In order to understand its present, it is necessary to know its religious, political and social history. This requires a comparative analysis of the boks that refer to the history of the city. One of these books is Ibn al-Athir'sal-Kâmil which covers events from the creation of the realm to the author's period. One of the most important subjects of this book, is the city of Beytulmakdis (Al-Quds). İbn al-Athir did not write the history of Al-Quds (Jerusalem) in a spesific title except for a few topics. In the general of his book, he wrote the history of Jews, the Prophet Muhammed's life reliated to Jerusalem, the conquest of Al-Quds by Muslims (by the Caliph Omer) in 638, the occupation by the Crusaders in 1099, there coquest of the city in 1187 by Salahaddin. Al Kâmil has more detailed information about the history of Al-Quds than other sources of Islamic history. Along with this study, the history of Beytulmakdis in al-Kâmil was compared with the other books, and sources not mentioned by Ibn al-Athir, the subject of Beytulmakdis in Ibn al-Athirwasdiscussed in general terms.
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Keywords
Din, Religion, Tarih, History, Beytülmakdis, Islamicjerusalem, Filistin-Kudüs, Palestine-Jerusalem, Kur'an-ı Kerim, Koran, Tarihçilik, Historiography, İbnü`l-Esir, İbnü`l-Esir, İslam tarihi, Islamic history, İslamiyet, Islam
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1
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90