İbn Cinnî'nin El-luma' Fi'l-Arabiyye Adlı Eserinde Geçen Ayetlerin İstişhâd Vecihleri
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2025
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İstişhâd, Arap dilinde var olan bir kuralın veya kelimenin anlamını temellendirmek amacıyla doğruluğu kesin olan şiir ve nesirden örnek vermektir. İstişhâdın temel kaynaklarını Kur'ân, hadis, şiir ve güvenilir Arap kelamı oluşturmaktadır. Arap dili âlimleri, Kur'ân ile yapılan istişhâdı en uygun yöntem olarak değerlendirmiş ve Arapça açısından en güvenilir kaynak olduğunu vurgulamışlardır. Nahiv, sarf ve lügat alanlarında te'lif edilen eserlerde sıklıkla âyetlerle istişhâda başvurulmuştur. Musulda yetişmiş olan ve dönemin ender şahsiyetleri arasında bulunan Ebû'l Feth Osman İbn Cinnî (ö. 392/1002) hayatını ilim ile geçirmiş, öğrenci yetiştirmiş ve çeşitli alanlarda kitaplar yazmıştır. İbn Cinnî öğrenci yetiştirmenin yanı sıra nahiv, sarf, lügat, edebiyat, Kur'ân ilimleri ve daha farklı konularda eserler kaleme almıştır. Yaşadığı dönemde sarf ve nahiv alanlarında yaptığı çalışmalar ile bu alanlarda öncü olmuştur. Nahiv alanında te'lif ettiği eserler arasında, veciz ve ihtilaflardan uzak, sade bir uslüpla kaleme aldığı el-Luma' eseridir. Bu eserinde nahiv konularını ihtiva etmesinin yanı sıra bazı sarf ve belagat konularına da yer verermiştir. Eserinde nahiv âlimleri arasında cereyan eden ihtilafları zikretmemiş, nahiv ekollerinin görüşlerini onlara nisbet etmeden zikretmiştir. Genel olarak Basri bir tutum sergilemiş olan İbn Cinnî konuları mezheb taasubundan uzak sade bir şekilde kaleme almıştır. Bununla birlikte kendi görüşlerine de zaman zaman yer vermiştir. Kitabın genelinde zikrettiği görüşü desteklemek amacıyla Kur'ân ve şiirlerden istişhâdlarda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osman İbn Cinnî'nin hayatı hakkında bilgiler verilmekte, nahiv alanında yazmış olduğu el-Luma' fi'l-Arabiyye adlı eser tanıtılmakta ve bu eserde istişhâd ettiği âyetler tespit edilerek, müellifin istişhâd vechi ile bu minvalde nahiv âlimlerinin görüşleri birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nahiv, İstişhâd, İbn Cinnî, el-Luma'
Istishhād refers to citing examples from poetry and prose whose authenticity is certain in order to substantiate a rule or the meaning of a word existing in the Arabic language. The primary sources of istishhād are the Qur'an, hadith, poetry, and reliable Arabic discourse. Scholars of the Arabic language have considered istishhād using the Qur'an as the most appropriate method and emphasized that it is the most reliable source in terms of the Arabic language. In works authored in the fields of grammar (nahw), morphology (ṣarf), and lexicography, istishhād with Qur'anic verses has been frequently employed. Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUthmān Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), who was raised in Mosul and counted among the distinguished figures of his era, devoted his life to knowledge, trained numerous students, and authored works in various fields. In addition to educating students, Ibn Jinnī produced writings on grammar (nahw), morphology (ṣarf), lexicography, literature, Qur'anic sciences, and other disciplines. His contributions in the fields of morphology and grammar during his lifetime made him a leading authority in these areas.Among his grammatical works is al-Lumaʿ, which he composed in a concise style, free from disputes, and in plain language. While the work primarily covers topics in grammar, it also addresses certain issues in morphology and rhetoric. Ibn Jinnī refrained from mentioning the disputes that arose among grammarians and avoided attributing the opinions of grammatical schools to their proponents. Generally adopting a Basran approach, he presented the subjects in a clear and unbiased manner, free from sectarian partisanship, while occasionally including his own opinions. Throughout the work, he supported his arguments by employing istishhād from the Qur'an and poetry. This study provides information about the life of ʿUthmān Ibn Jinnī, introduces his grammatical work al-Lumaʿ fī al-ʿArabiyyah, and identifies the Qur'anic verses he cited as istishhād. Furthermore, it evaluates the author's approach to istishhād alongside the views of grammarians in this regard. Keywords: Syntax (Nahw), Istishhad (Citation), Ibn Jinni, Al-Luma
Istishhād refers to citing examples from poetry and prose whose authenticity is certain in order to substantiate a rule or the meaning of a word existing in the Arabic language. The primary sources of istishhād are the Qur'an, hadith, poetry, and reliable Arabic discourse. Scholars of the Arabic language have considered istishhād using the Qur'an as the most appropriate method and emphasized that it is the most reliable source in terms of the Arabic language. In works authored in the fields of grammar (nahw), morphology (ṣarf), and lexicography, istishhād with Qur'anic verses has been frequently employed. Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUthmān Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), who was raised in Mosul and counted among the distinguished figures of his era, devoted his life to knowledge, trained numerous students, and authored works in various fields. In addition to educating students, Ibn Jinnī produced writings on grammar (nahw), morphology (ṣarf), lexicography, literature, Qur'anic sciences, and other disciplines. His contributions in the fields of morphology and grammar during his lifetime made him a leading authority in these areas.Among his grammatical works is al-Lumaʿ, which he composed in a concise style, free from disputes, and in plain language. While the work primarily covers topics in grammar, it also addresses certain issues in morphology and rhetoric. Ibn Jinnī refrained from mentioning the disputes that arose among grammarians and avoided attributing the opinions of grammatical schools to their proponents. Generally adopting a Basran approach, he presented the subjects in a clear and unbiased manner, free from sectarian partisanship, while occasionally including his own opinions. Throughout the work, he supported his arguments by employing istishhād from the Qur'an and poetry. This study provides information about the life of ʿUthmān Ibn Jinnī, introduces his grammatical work al-Lumaʿ fī al-ʿArabiyyah, and identifies the Qur'anic verses he cited as istishhād. Furthermore, it evaluates the author's approach to istishhād alongside the views of grammarians in this regard. Keywords: Syntax (Nahw), Istishhad (Citation), Ibn Jinni, Al-Luma
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Dilbilim, Linguistics
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145