Süryanice Anadilinde Eğitim Hakkı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Milliyetçi ideolojide ulus, çoğunlukla “ortak dil”e referansla
tanımlandığından, ulus-devletler açısından dil, ulusal kimliğin inşasında
kullanılan elverişli araçlardan birini oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda genel olarak
ulus-devletler, ortak bir dil oluşturmak ve/veya dilde birliği sağlamak amacıyla
tek-dilli bir eğitim sistemini kabul etmişlerdir. Bu yöntemle, duyguda ve
sadakatte bir vatandaşlar topluluğu yaratılmak istenmiştir. Çok dilli ve çok
kültürlü Osmanlı bakiyesi üzerine kurulmuş olan Türk ulus-devleti de, aynı amaçla, tek-dilli eğitim sistemini kabul etmiş ve Türk etnisinin ortak dili olan
Türkçe dışındaki dillerde eğitim yapılmasını yasaklamıştır. Bunun yegane
istisnasını, Lozan Barış Antlaşması tarafından gayrimüslim vatandaşlar için
öngörülen anadilinde eğitim hakkı oluşturmuştur. Ne var ki, Antlaşma metninde
söz konusu hakkın özneleri olarak “gayrimüslim Türk vatandaşları”ndan söz
edilmişse de, uygulamada -hukuka aykırı olarak- bu haktan sadece Rumlar,
Ermeniler ve Museviler yararlandırılmıştır. Böylece, Anadolu’nun kadim
topluluklarından bir olan Süryaniler bu hakkın dışında tutulmuşlar ve kendilerine
ait son okullarının 1928 yılında kapatılmasından sonra, Lozan’ın tanımış olduğu
anadilinde eğitim hakkından istifade edememişlerdir. Dilin kuşaktan kuşağa
aktarımında eğitimin üstlenmiş olduğu kilit rol göz önüne alındığında, bu durum,
Süryanicenin yok olma ihtimalini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu ihtimalin
gerçekleşmesini ve Süryanicenin dil kırımına uğramasını önleyebilmek için, bir
yandan Süryanilerin Lozan tarafından tanınan haklardan yararlanabilmeleri
sağlanmalı, diğer yandan da Süryanilere yönelik olarak pozitif ayrımcı bir siyaset
izlenmelidir.
In nationalist ideology, since the nation is often defined concerning the “common language”, language has constituted one of the convenient tools used in the construction of national identity for nation-states. In this context nationstates, in general, have adopted a monolingual education system to create a common language and/or to ensure unity in language. With this method, it was aimed to create a community of citizens with feelings and loyalty. For the same purpose, the Turkish nation-state, founded on a multilingual and multicultural Ottoman remnant, adopted a monolingual education system and prohibited education in languages other than Turkish, the common language of the Turkish ethnicity. The only exception to this is the right to education in the mother tongue foreseen for non-Muslim citizens by the Lausanne Peace Treaty. However, although “non-Muslim Turkish citizens” are mentioned as the subjects of the right in the text of the Treaty, in practice-contrary to the law- only Greeks, Armenians and Jews have benefited from this right. Thus, Assyrians, one of the ancient communities of Anatolia, were excluded from this right and after the closure of their last school in 1928, they could not benefit from the right to education in the mother tongue recognized by Lausanne. Considering the key role education has undertaken in the transmission of language from generation to generation, this has raised the possibility of the extinction of Syriac. To prevent the realization of this possibility and the language of the Syriac from being persecuted, it should be ensured that Assyrians benefit from the rights recognized by Lausanne on the one hand, and a positive discriminatory policy towards Assyrians on the other hand
In nationalist ideology, since the nation is often defined concerning the “common language”, language has constituted one of the convenient tools used in the construction of national identity for nation-states. In this context nationstates, in general, have adopted a monolingual education system to create a common language and/or to ensure unity in language. With this method, it was aimed to create a community of citizens with feelings and loyalty. For the same purpose, the Turkish nation-state, founded on a multilingual and multicultural Ottoman remnant, adopted a monolingual education system and prohibited education in languages other than Turkish, the common language of the Turkish ethnicity. The only exception to this is the right to education in the mother tongue foreseen for non-Muslim citizens by the Lausanne Peace Treaty. However, although “non-Muslim Turkish citizens” are mentioned as the subjects of the right in the text of the Treaty, in practice-contrary to the law- only Greeks, Armenians and Jews have benefited from this right. Thus, Assyrians, one of the ancient communities of Anatolia, were excluded from this right and after the closure of their last school in 1928, they could not benefit from the right to education in the mother tongue recognized by Lausanne. Considering the key role education has undertaken in the transmission of language from generation to generation, this has raised the possibility of the extinction of Syriac. To prevent the realization of this possibility and the language of the Syriac from being persecuted, it should be ensured that Assyrians benefit from the rights recognized by Lausanne on the one hand, and a positive discriminatory policy towards Assyrians on the other hand
Description
Keywords
Beşeri Bilimler, Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi
Volume
26
Issue
44
Start Page
3
End Page
35
