Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Analysis of Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles From Solanum Tuberosum Peels

Abstract

In recent years, interest in the eco-friendly manufacturing of metal nanoparticles from plant extracts has surged. Nonetheless, no research has examined the combined antibacterial and anticancer properties of SeNPs synthesized with Solanum tuberosum (S. tuberosum) extract. This study involved the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (ST-SeNPs) utilizing phytochemicals with reducing and capturing properties derived from the aqueous extract of S. tuberosum shell through a green synthesis approach. To determine the unique characteristics of ST-SeNPs nanoparticles, a variety of techniques were used, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The optical characteristics of ST-SeNPs were validated using UV-Vis measurement, revealing the peak absorbance at 350 nm. FTIR examination verified the presence of functional groups on the surface of the produced ST-SeNPs nanoparticles. Upon examination of the SEM results, it was concluded that the synthesized SeNPs exhibited uniform distribution and possessed a round morphology. The anticancer efficacy of the produced nanoparticles on the A549 lung cancer cell line and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line after 24 and 48 hours of exposure was assessed using the MTT test. It was established that elevated concentration inhibited cell growth. The inhibitory efficacy of SeNPs against the proliferation of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was assessed using the disk diffusion agar technique. The evaluated SeNPs exhibited antibacterial efficacy against bacterial and yeast cells. The results indicate that ST-SeNPs produced via green synthesis can serve as anticancer and antibacterial agents.