Kur'an-ı Kerim'de Yahudiler için Kullanılan Kavramların Bağlamsal Açıdan İncelenmesi
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2024
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İslâm'ın kutsal kitabı Kur'an-ı Kerim, dinler tarihi açısından önemli bir kaynak olsa da bir dinler tarihi kitabı değildir ve dini gelenekler hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamamaktadır. Fakat Kur'an, tevhid mesajını açık bir şekilde ortaya koyarken farklı inanç sistemlerinden bahsetmektedir. O halde Kur'an, geçmiş toplumlara dair bilgilerle beslenen mesajı, muhataba aktarırken tarihi gerçekliği esas almaktadır. Bu sebeple Kur'an'ın da ismen bahsettiği kadim bir dini geleneğe sahip olan Yahudiliğin bu açıdan incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bilindiği üzere Kur'an, Yahudileri tanımlamak üzere İsrâil, Ben-i İsrâil, Ellezîne Hâdû, Hûden ve el-Yehud gibi farklı isimlendirmeler kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kur'an-ı Kerim'in açıkça ortaya koyduğu ancak çeşitli İsrâiliyat anlatıları sebebiyle anlam kaymalarına uğrayan isimlendirmeler arasındaki olası farklılıklar üzerinde durmaktadır. Kur'an'ın kavram hassasiyeti ve tarihi gerçekliği mesaja kurban etmediği düşünüldüğünde Yahudiliğin tarihsel sürecinin isimlendirmeler üzerinden tespit edilmesi olasıdır. Ayrıca Kur'an'da 'İsrâil' kavramı iki ayette (Âl-i İmrân 3/93; Meryem 19/58) yalın olarak geçmektedir. İsrâiliyat etkisinin görüldüğü İslam kaynakları, İsrâil sıfatının/isminin Hz. Yakup olduğuna ittifak etmektedir. Ancak ayetlerin siyak ve sibakı bunu zorunlu kılmamaktadır. Kur'an-ı Kerim'in İsrâil kavramını hangi anlamda ve kim için kullandığı açık değildir. Hz. Yakup'un İsrâil olma olasılığı dolaylı veya doğrudan Tevrat'ta bu konuya ilişkin sunulan bilgiler sebebiyledir. Söz konusu bu çalışma, Kur'an metni merkeze alınarak İsrâil ismine, Ellezîne Hâdû, Hûden, el-Yehud kullanımlarına dair yeni bulgulara ve yorumlara yer vermektedir.
Although the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, is an important source for the history of religions, it is not a book of religious history and does not aim to provide information about religious traditions. However, the Qur'an makes the message of tawhid clearly and The Qur'an has mentioned different belief systems. Therefore, the Qur'an conveys the message which is informed by knowledge of past societies to the interlocutor based on historical reality. For this reason, Judaism, which has an ancient religious tradition that the Qur'an mentions by name, needs to be examined from this perspective. As it is known, the Qur'an uses different names to describe the Jews, such as Isrâ'il, Children of Isrâ'il, Allezîne Hâdû, Hûden and al-Yehud. This study focuses on the possible differences between nomenclatures that are clearly revealed by the Qur'an, but which have been subjected to shifts in meaning due to the various Israeliyat narratives. The Qur'an has sensitivity of concept. At the same time, the Qur'an does not sacrifice historical reality to the message. Therefore, it is possible to identify the historical process of Judaism through nomenclatures. In addition, the term 'Isrâil' has mentioned in two verses of the Qur'an (Al-Imrân 3/93; Maryam 19/58). Islamic sources, in which the influence of Israeliyat is seen, agree that the name of Isrâil is the Prophet Jacob. However, the before and after verses do not require this. It is not clear in what sense and for whom the Qur'an uses the concept of 'Israel'. The possibility of Jacob being an Israelite is due to the information presented in the Torah on this subject, either directly or indirectly. This study, centred on the Qur'anic text, provides new findings and interpretations on the name of Isrā'il and the usage of Allezīna Hādū, Hūden, al-Yahud.
Although the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, is an important source for the history of religions, it is not a book of religious history and does not aim to provide information about religious traditions. However, the Qur'an makes the message of tawhid clearly and The Qur'an has mentioned different belief systems. Therefore, the Qur'an conveys the message which is informed by knowledge of past societies to the interlocutor based on historical reality. For this reason, Judaism, which has an ancient religious tradition that the Qur'an mentions by name, needs to be examined from this perspective. As it is known, the Qur'an uses different names to describe the Jews, such as Isrâ'il, Children of Isrâ'il, Allezîne Hâdû, Hûden and al-Yehud. This study focuses on the possible differences between nomenclatures that are clearly revealed by the Qur'an, but which have been subjected to shifts in meaning due to the various Israeliyat narratives. The Qur'an has sensitivity of concept. At the same time, the Qur'an does not sacrifice historical reality to the message. Therefore, it is possible to identify the historical process of Judaism through nomenclatures. In addition, the term 'Isrâil' has mentioned in two verses of the Qur'an (Al-Imrân 3/93; Maryam 19/58). Islamic sources, in which the influence of Israeliyat is seen, agree that the name of Isrâil is the Prophet Jacob. However, the before and after verses do not require this. It is not clear in what sense and for whom the Qur'an uses the concept of 'Israel'. The possibility of Jacob being an Israelite is due to the information presented in the Torah on this subject, either directly or indirectly. This study, centred on the Qur'anic text, provides new findings and interpretations on the name of Isrā'il and the usage of Allezīna Hādū, Hūden, al-Yahud.
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Din, Religion
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130