Klasik Dönem İslam filozoflarının varlık hiyerarşilerinde cansızlar
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Bu tezde klasik dönem İslam filozoflarının varlık hiyerarşisinin en alt katmanında yer alan cansızlar, filozofların görüşleri etrafında çeşitli boyutlarda ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma üç bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Tezin birinci bölümünde klasik dönem İslam filozoflarının varlık hiyerarşilerine dair teoriler ve temel ilkeler Fârâbî, İbn Sînâ, İhvân-ı Safâ ve İbn Rüşd'ün görüşleri çerçevesinde ortaya konmuştur. İkinci bölümde yine aynı filozofların cansızlar mertebesiyle ilgili olarak kullandıkları kavramlar, İslam filozoflarının ve Aristoteles'in değerlendirmeleri ışığında incelenmiştir. Böylece bu kavramların ele alınış şekilleri gözler önüne serilmiş ve ontolojik hiyerarşilerinde varlıkların anlaşılmasına yönelik bir zemin oluşturulmuştur. Tezin üçüncü ve son bölümünde ise klasik dönem İslam filozoflarının varlık hiyerarşilerinde ontolojik açıdan cansızlar tabakası ele alınmıştır. Bu bölümde öncelikle cansızların bulundukları ay altı âlemde yer alan varlıkların izahlarına ve kendi aralarındaki hiyerarşilerine yer verilmiştir. Hiyerarşide en alt tabakada yer alan cansızlar ise yapısal (basitlik-bileşiklik), nitelik ve etkinlik gibi açılardan ele alınarak ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu tezde cansızların ay altı âlemde dört unsurla iç içe veya onlarla bir arada yer aldığı; yapısal olarak basit ve bileşik özellikler sergiledikleri; nitelik açısından çeşitlilik gösterdikleri; hareket etme ve ettirme, faydalı veya zararlı olma (gıda, kimyasal ve psikolojik ilaç vs. açılardan), sevgi ve nefret besleme, ibadet etme, sihir ve büyü gibi yollarla doğaüstü güçler sergileme gibi özelliklere sahip oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle Aristotles ve İhvân-ı Safâ'nın tespitleri doğrultusunda bazı cansızların bir tür ruh ve nefis sahibi oldukları şeklindeki verilere dayalı tartışmalar da yapılmıştır.
In this thesis, the inanimate, which is settled at the lowest layer of the existence hierarchy enounced by Muslim philosophers of the classical period, are discussed from various aspects around the philosophers' views. In this direction, the study consists of three parts. In the first part of the thesis, theories and basic principles regarding the hierarchies of existence of classical Muslim philosophers are presented within the framework of the views of al-Farabi, Avicenna, Ikhwan al-Safa and Averroes. In the second part, the concepts used by the same philosophers regarding the level of the inanimate are examined in the light of the evaluations by Islamic philosophers and Aristotle. Thus, the ways in which these concepts are handled have been revealed and a basis intended for comprehension of the entities within the ontological hierarchy has been composed. In the third and last part of the thesis, the ontologically inanimate layer in the existence hierarchies of the classical period Muslim philosophers is discussed. In this section, first of all, the explanations of the beings in the sub-lunar realm where the inanimate are supposed to have located and their sui generis hierarchies among themselves are given. The non-living things, which existat the bottom of the hierarchy, have been tried to be revealed by considering them in terms of structural (simplicity-compositeness), quality and efficiency. As a result, in this thesis, it is stated that the inanimate beings are intertwined with or together with the four elements in the sublunar realm; they exhibit structurally simple and compound properties; they differ in terms of quality. It has been revealed that they have properties such as acting and moving, being beneficial or harmful (in terms of alimental, chemical properties and psychological medicines, etc.), loving and hating, worshiping, displaying supernatural powers through magic and sorcery. In particular, in line with the determinations of Aristotle and Ikhwan as-Safa, the study also covers discussions based on the data suggesting that the inanimate beings bear a kind of soul (ruh or nafs).
In this thesis, the inanimate, which is settled at the lowest layer of the existence hierarchy enounced by Muslim philosophers of the classical period, are discussed from various aspects around the philosophers' views. In this direction, the study consists of three parts. In the first part of the thesis, theories and basic principles regarding the hierarchies of existence of classical Muslim philosophers are presented within the framework of the views of al-Farabi, Avicenna, Ikhwan al-Safa and Averroes. In the second part, the concepts used by the same philosophers regarding the level of the inanimate are examined in the light of the evaluations by Islamic philosophers and Aristotle. Thus, the ways in which these concepts are handled have been revealed and a basis intended for comprehension of the entities within the ontological hierarchy has been composed. In the third and last part of the thesis, the ontologically inanimate layer in the existence hierarchies of the classical period Muslim philosophers is discussed. In this section, first of all, the explanations of the beings in the sub-lunar realm where the inanimate are supposed to have located and their sui generis hierarchies among themselves are given. The non-living things, which existat the bottom of the hierarchy, have been tried to be revealed by considering them in terms of structural (simplicity-compositeness), quality and efficiency. As a result, in this thesis, it is stated that the inanimate beings are intertwined with or together with the four elements in the sublunar realm; they exhibit structurally simple and compound properties; they differ in terms of quality. It has been revealed that they have properties such as acting and moving, being beneficial or harmful (in terms of alimental, chemical properties and psychological medicines, etc.), loving and hating, worshiping, displaying supernatural powers through magic and sorcery. In particular, in line with the determinations of Aristotle and Ikhwan as-Safa, the study also covers discussions based on the data suggesting that the inanimate beings bear a kind of soul (ruh or nafs).
Description
Keywords
Din, Religion, Felsefe, Philosophy, Cansız varlıklar, Lifeless existences, Klasik Dönem, Classical Period, Maden, Sait, Maden, Sait, Varlık hiyerarşisi, Hierarchy of existence, İslam alimleri, Islamic scholars, İslam felsefesi, Islamic philosophy, İslam kültürü, Islamic culture
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
1
End Page
129