19. Yüzyıl Yarsan Edebiyatında Hacı Bektâş-i Veli İmgesi
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Date
2025
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Abstract
Sultan Sehâk döneminde (15. yy.) son şeklini aldığı kabul edilen Yarsan inancı, şiirsel geleneğe dayanan bir din ve inanış biçimidir. Yarsanlarca kutsal sayılan ve kelâm olarak adlandırılan bu edebi geleneğin şiirlerinde genel olarak Yarsan inancı ve gelenekleri yer almaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra kelâmlarda bazı dini/tasavvufi şahsiyetlerin isimlerine rastlamak da mümkündür. Bahsi geçen düşünsel geleneğin en etkili temsilcilerinden biri de Hacı Bektaş-i Velî olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Hacı Bektaş-i Veli mevzubahis kelâmlarda Hünkâr, Şah Hünkâr, Şah Bektaş ya da Begteş gibi lakaplarla anılmaktadır. Yarsan kelâmlarında Hacı Bektaş’ın isminin zikredildiği ilk örnekler, 8-9 Hicri (15-16) yüzyılarda söylendikleri kabul edilen kelâmlardır. Lakin adı geçen dönemden 19. yüzyıla kadar Yarsan kelâmlarında onun adına rastlanmamaktadır. Yarsanlarca Yerî Tenî devri olarak bilinen 19. yüzyıla ait kelâmlarda ise ismi zikredilen başat şahsiyetlerden biri haline gelmektedir. 37 farklı defterden oluşan ve günümüze kadar elyazmaları halinde bulunan bu dönemin kelâmları incelendiğinde, Hacı Bektaş-i Veli’den tanrısal öz/cevherin yeryüzündeki tecellisi olarak bahsedildiği açıkça görülmektedir. Diğer önemli bir nokta ise bu dönemin Osmanlı coğrafyasında Bektaşi Tekkelerinin kapatılması, şeyhleri ve dervişlerinin sürülmesi olaylarına denk gelmesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 19. yüzyıl Yarsan metinlerinde Hacı Bektaş’ın varlığını, önemini vurgulamak ve söz konusu önemin tarihi nedenlerine değinmektir.
Yarsan belief, which is accepted to have taken its final form during the reign of Sultan Sehak, is a form of religion and belief based on poetic tradition. The poems of this literary tradition, which are considered sacred by the Yarsans and called kalām, generally include Yarsan beliefs and traditions. In addition, it is also possible to come across the names of some religious / Sufi personalities in the kalāms. One of the most important and prominent of these figures is Haj Baktash Vali. Haj Baktash Vali is referred to with nicknames such as, Shah Hünkâr, Shah Bektaş or Begteş in these kalāms. The first examples in which Haj Baktash's name is mentioned in the Yarsan kalāms are the kalāms that are considered to have been uttered in the 8th-9th/15th-16th centuries. However, after the aforementioned period, it is not found in Yarsan kalāms until the 19th century. In the kalāms belonging to this period, known as the Yerī Tenī period by the Yarsans, he becomes one of the main figures whose name is mentioned. When the kalāms of this period, which consist of 37 different Daftar and have survived to the present day in manuscripts, are examined, it is clearly seen that Haj Baktash Vali is mentioned as the manifestation of the divine essence/jewel on earth. Another important point is that this period coincided with the closure of Baktashi lodges and the expulsion of Baktashi sheikhs and dervishes in the Ottoman geography. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the presence/importance of Haj Baktash in these texts, which have not been the subject of academic study until today, as well as to the use of his name in historical sources.
Yarsan belief, which is accepted to have taken its final form during the reign of Sultan Sehak, is a form of religion and belief based on poetic tradition. The poems of this literary tradition, which are considered sacred by the Yarsans and called kalām, generally include Yarsan beliefs and traditions. In addition, it is also possible to come across the names of some religious / Sufi personalities in the kalāms. One of the most important and prominent of these figures is Haj Baktash Vali. Haj Baktash Vali is referred to with nicknames such as, Shah Hünkâr, Shah Bektaş or Begteş in these kalāms. The first examples in which Haj Baktash's name is mentioned in the Yarsan kalāms are the kalāms that are considered to have been uttered in the 8th-9th/15th-16th centuries. However, after the aforementioned period, it is not found in Yarsan kalāms until the 19th century. In the kalāms belonging to this period, known as the Yerī Tenī period by the Yarsans, he becomes one of the main figures whose name is mentioned. When the kalāms of this period, which consist of 37 different Daftar and have survived to the present day in manuscripts, are examined, it is clearly seen that Haj Baktash Vali is mentioned as the manifestation of the divine essence/jewel on earth. Another important point is that this period coincided with the closure of Baktashi lodges and the expulsion of Baktashi sheikhs and dervishes in the Ottoman geography. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the presence/importance of Haj Baktash in these texts, which have not been the subject of academic study until today, as well as to the use of his name in historical sources.
Description
Keywords
Antropoloji, Edebiyat
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Milel ve Nihal İnanç, Kültür ve Mitoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi
Volume
22
Issue
2
Start Page
313
End Page
335
