Gazali ' de niyetsel anlam tasavvuru ve teolojik uyarlanışı

Abstract

Following the precedent kalamic scholars of Ehl-i Sunnah (Islamic Ortodoxy), al-Gazali explains meaning on the basis of the intention of the speaking subject. In his two famous works on the issue, al-lqtisatfi'l Vtiqad and al-Marifethu'l Aqliyyah, speech is defined as "meaning determined in mind". This definition treats the "word" as being identical to "meaning" and rests on an understanding of meaning as intentional fixed content. In this apprqach, lingiustic elements (the phonemes, morphemes, words etc)matter simply as vehicles to reflect mental contents. In al-Marifathu'I Aqliyyah, Gazali presents detailed and elaborate analysis of thought, word and speech/meaning. In his scheme of thought, speech builds upon thought and corresponds to a content that is shaped in mind and communicated through language. The word is that linguistic dimension of speech which enables communicaton. As a main theological conlusion, Gazali tries to adapt this semantic conceptual framework to the analysis of divine speech with attention to the ontological difference between God and human nature. In al-Ikhtisad, Gazali evaluates divine speech in a literal way, as a real and singular attribute such as God's will and knowledge. In al Marifethu'l-Akliyyah, however, he approaches al-Farabi's and Avesenna's views suggesting that speech is not an additional property to knowledge. God's speech is an essential property, so it is eternal and immuatable like God's essence. Its eternity comes from the meaning side which depends upon knowledge. While the word, that is that which is created, is temporary. , When God addresses human beings on the historical plane, he does so as a speaking subject. This (divine) act realizes in different forms of revelation depending upon the statue of his interlocutors, e.g. prophets or other some elected persons.Following the precedent kalamic scholars of Ehl-i Sunnah (Islamic Ortodoxy), al-Gazali explains meaning on the basis of the intention of the speaking subject. In his two famous works on the issue, al-lqtisatfi'l Vtiqad and al-Marifethu'l Aqliyyah, speech is defined as "meaning determined in mind". This definition treats the "word" as being identical to "meaning" and rests on an understanding of meaning as intentional fixed content. In this apprqach, lingiustic elements (the phonemes, morphemes, words etc)matter simply as vehicles to reflect mental contents. In al-Marifathu'I Aqliyyah, Gazali presents detailed and elaborate analysis of thought, word and speech/meaning. In his scheme of thought, speech builds upon thought and corresponds to a content that is shaped in mind and communicated through language. The word is that linguistic dimension of speech which enables communicaton. As a main theological conlusion, Gazali tries to adapt this semantic conceptual framework to the analysis of divine speech with attention to the ontological difference between God and human nature. In al-Ikhtisad, Gazali evaluates divine speech in a literal way, as a real and singular attribute such as God's will and knowledge. In al Marifethu'l-Akliyyah, however, he approaches al-Farabi's and Avesenna's views suggesting that speech is not an additional property to knowledge. God's speech is an essential property, so it is eternal and immuatable like God's essence. Its eternity comes from the meaning side which depends upon knowledge. While the word, that is that which is created, is temporary. , When God addresses human beings on the historical plane, he does so as a speaking subject. This (divine) act realizes in different forms of revelation depending upon the statue of his interlocutors, e.g. prophets or other some elected persons.