İBN SÎNÂ’DA SUDÛRUN MANTIĞI: SEBEPLİK- SUDÛR İLİŞKİSİ HAKKINDA BİR İNCELEME
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Date
2017
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Abstract
Bu makalenin amacı, İbn Sînâ'nın (ö. 428/1037) sudûr teorisinin mantığının mistik bir arka plana dayalı olarak değil, felsefi bir zemin üzerinde geliştiğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu ise, İbn Sînâcı sudûrun teorisinin, Aristoteles'in (ö. MÖ 322), Yeni-Eflâtuncu filozofların ve İbn Sînâ'nın kendi sebeplik düşüncesiyle irtibat noktaları gösterilerek yapılacaktır. Bu çerçevede, makalede, İbn Sînâ'nın sudûr teorisinin sebeplikle olan üç irtibat noktası tespit edilmiştir: Bunlar, (i) aktarıma dayalı sebeplik anlayışı, (ii) "Birden bir çıkar" ilkesi ve (iii) zâtı gereği zorunlu ve başkasıyla zorunlu/zâtı gereği mümkün ayrımıdır. Bunlardan ilk ikisi, Aristotelesçi ve Yeni-Eflâtuncu bağlama işaret eder. Üçüncü ise İbn Sînâ'nın sudûr teorisine dâhil ettiği özgün felsefi katkısını gösterir. İbn Sînâ, her biri, aynı zamanda sebeplik teorisinin özelliklerinden olan bu ilkelere dayalı olarak sudûr teorisini ortaya koyar. Böylece İbn Sînâ, kendisinden önceki Yeni-Eflâtuncu filozofların ve Fârâbî'nin (ö. 339/950) sudûr şemalarına nispetle sebeplikle irtibatı daha belirgin bir sudûr açıklaması sunar
This article aims to argue that the logic of emanation of Avicenna (d. 428/1037) flourishes on the ground of a philosophical basis instead of a mystical one. In order to prove this argument, I indicate to several contact points between Avicennan theory of emanation and causality. In this framework, I determine three contact points: (i) The conception of causality based on the transmission, (ii) the principle of “From one proceeds only one” and (iii) the distinction between necessary existent by itself and contingent existent by itself/necessary existent by other. Among these points, (i) and (ii) are derived from the Aristotelean (d. BC 322) and Neo-Platonist background. On the other hand, (iii) is what Avicenna includes into the theory of emanation as his own philosophical contribution. Avicenna establishes his theory of emanation by utilizing all of these points which also emerged in the philosophical discussions on causality. Therefore, Avicenna presents an explanation of emanation explicitly connected to the causality in comparison to the schema of emanation of the Neo-Platonist philosophers and alF?r?b? (d. 339/950)
This article aims to argue that the logic of emanation of Avicenna (d. 428/1037) flourishes on the ground of a philosophical basis instead of a mystical one. In order to prove this argument, I indicate to several contact points between Avicennan theory of emanation and causality. In this framework, I determine three contact points: (i) The conception of causality based on the transmission, (ii) the principle of “From one proceeds only one” and (iii) the distinction between necessary existent by itself and contingent existent by itself/necessary existent by other. Among these points, (i) and (ii) are derived from the Aristotelean (d. BC 322) and Neo-Platonist background. On the other hand, (iii) is what Avicenna includes into the theory of emanation as his own philosophical contribution. Avicenna establishes his theory of emanation by utilizing all of these points which also emerged in the philosophical discussions on causality. Therefore, Avicenna presents an explanation of emanation explicitly connected to the causality in comparison to the schema of emanation of the Neo-Platonist philosophers and alF?r?b? (d. 339/950)
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Source
e-Şarkıyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi
Volume
9
Issue
2
Start Page
1057
End Page
1073