In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticholinesterase Activities, and Phenolic and Heavy Metal Compositions of Prunus Avium Fruit Extracts

Abstract

Prunus avium L. (P. avium) is one of the most admired fruits for its organoleptic and nutritional value. This research examined cherry fruit chloroform and methanol extracts antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial, and chemical and elemental abilities. The extracts antioxidant capacity was assessed by evaluating total phenolic and flavonoid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. P. avium fruit chloroform (Chl) extract had the greatest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, the methanol (Me-OH) extract exhibited stronger radical-scavenging activity. The extracts antibacterial activity was determined using the MIC method, and the enzyme inhibition activity was ascertained using a spectroscopic technique. Both extracts inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth at low concentrations better than standard antibiotics. The phenolic chemicals that could be causing the biological activity in the extracts were identified using LC-MS/MS. Major components in methanol extract were cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and citric acid, while in chloroform extract vanillic acid, cichoric acid, and chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the presence of zinc, copper, mercury, iron, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium in P. avium fruits was investigated by ICP-OES Optical Emission Spectrometry. Mercury, nickel, and selenium weren't detected in the sample, while arsenic was beyond permitted levels. The fruit of P. avium may have potential biological and industrial applications owing to its rich biochemical and elemental composition and its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticholinesterase capabilities.