History of Iraq-Jordan Relations 1958-2010
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2025
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Irak-Ürdün ilişkilerinin tarihi kökleri, 1921 yılının başlarına, Emir Abdullah'ın Doğu Ürdün'de liderliği üstlendiği ve Kral Faysal'in Irak'ta iktidarı ele geçirdiği döneme kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu ilişkilerin ilk dönemleri, uzun vadeli bir istikrar kazanmamış olsa da, zaman zaman gerilimli ve durgun dönemler yaşamıştır. Ancak, iki ülke halkı arasındaki komşuluk bağı, toplumsal yapının benzerliği, ortak çıkarlar ve farklılık unsurları, bu ilişkinin incelenmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Bu inceleme, iki ülkenin karşılıklı olarak sahip oldukları potansiyelleri değerlendirerek, ilişkilerin sürekliliğini sağlama ve anlaşmazlıklardan uzak durma açısından önemlidir. Irak ve Ürdün, 14 Temmuz 1958 Devrimi'nden önce Haşimi Federasyonu'nun tarafları olduklarında karşılıklı iş birliğine duydukları ihtiyacın farkına varmışlardı. Bu devrimle birlikte Irak'taki Haşimi Kraliyet ailesi üyelerinin öldürülmesi, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerde olumsuz etkiler yaratmıştır. Ancak 1968 yılından sonra Irak hükümeti ilişkileri yeniden tesis etmeye çalışmış ve geçmişin geride bırakılmasına yönelik adımlar atılmıştır. Bu da iki ülke arasında gelişmiş siyasi ilişkilere ve genel iş birliği çabalarının artmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Irak, o dönemde Ürdün'e destek veren tek Arap petrol ülkesi olmuştur. 1980'li ve 1990'lı yıllarda meydana gelen İran-Irak Savaşı ve Irak'ın Kuveyt'i işgali gibi olaylar da bu ilişkileri etkilemiştir. Ancak bu dönemde Irak, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin uyguladığı ambargoyu hafifletmek amacıyla Ürdün'ü ticaret geçiş noktası olarak kullanmış ve Ürdün'ün dış dünya ile ekonomik ilişkilerinden faydalanmıştır. Ortak çıkarlar, ilişkilerin doğasını belirleyen temel unsur olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, uluslararası çevre koşullarının ve her iki ülkeye yönelik baskıların da etkisi yadsınamaz. Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesinden sonra uluslararası sistemdeki dönüşümler, Irak'ın Arap ülkeleriyle olan ilişkilerini etkilediği gibi, Ürdün-Irak ilişkilerini de şekillendirmiştir. Irak, Ürdün için sadece bir komşu ülke değil, aynı zamanda stratejik bir derinlik, zengin doğal kaynaklara sahip büyük bir pazar ve Ürdünlü iş gücü ile teknik uzmanlık için büyük bir istihdam alanıdır. Irak'ın yeniden inşasında Ürdün önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel ilişkilerin tarihi, ortak çıkarlar, din, dil, kültür, gelenek ve toplumsal yapı gibi birçok ortak unsur da bu ilişkilerin güçlenmesinde etkili olmuştur. Her iki ülke de Arap milletinin bir parçasıdır ve aralarında 181 km uzunluğunda ortak sınır vardır. Aynı bölgesel konumda yer alan Irak ve Ürdün, birbirlerinin stratejik ve ekonomik derinliğini oluşturmuşlardır. Ürdün, Irak'ın dünya ile olan ana kapısıdır ve bu kapıdan büyük bir barışçıl geçiş yaşanmaktadır. Irak'ın diğer komşularıyla yaşadığı güvenlik sorunları, Ürdün ile ekonomik ilişkilerin güçlendirilmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Genel olarak, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler, yukarıda belirtilen faktörler sayesinde her zaman gelişmeye ve güçlenmeye açıktır.
The historical roots of Iraqi-Jordanian relations date back to early 1921, when Prince Abdullah assumed leadership in East Jordan and King Faisal I took power in Iraq. The early stages of these relations went through phases of contraction and tension, lacking long-term stability. The relationship witnessed much push and pull, periods of stagnation and discord. However, the close proximity, social interconnection between the Iraqi and Jordanian peoples, multiple areas of agreement and shared development, along with elements of divergence, necessitate studying this relationship to explore the mutual capabilities of the two countries in dealing with one another in a way that ensures the continuity of their ties and distances both sides from areas of conflict and dispute. Both Iraq and Jordan recognized the need for mutual cooperation since they were partners in the Hashemite Union prior to the July 14, 1958 revolution. The events surrounding this revolution, particularly the killing of members of the Iraqi Hashemite royal family, had negative repercussions on bilateral relations. After 1968, the Iraqi government sought to restore relations and move past previous tensions, contributing to the development of advanced political ties that reflected positively on the overall scope of cooperation between the two countries. During this period, Iraq was the only oil-rich Arab state that stood by Jordan. The 1980s and 1990s saw significant events that affected the relationship, such as the Iran-Iraq War and Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. These circumstances led Iraq to mitigate the challenges of the international sanctions imposed by the UN after its invasion of Kuwait by utilizing Jordan's position as a trade gateway and leveraging its economic ties with the world. It can be said that mutual interests were the key factor shaping the nature of the relationship, alongside the impact of the international environment and external pressures on both countries. The transformations in the global order after the Cold War had a clear effect on Iraq's broader Arab relations. Additionally, the many shared characteristics between the two nations pushed them toward establishing positive ties. Iraq holds great importance for Jordan, not only as a neighboring country but as a strategic depth and a rich nation that represents a vast market for Jordanian products and industries. Iraq could also be a major destination for Jordanian labor and technical expertise, in addition to presenting economic opportunities through reconstruction projects in which Jordan could play a key role. The historical political, economic, social, and cultural relations, as well as shared interests such as religion, language, culture, customs, traditions, and social structures, all played a role in strengthening the relationship. Both countries are part of the Arab nation, and they share a common border of 181 km and are located within the same regional framework. Jordan serves as Iraq's primary gateway to the world, facilitating major peaceful flows of movement. The deterioration of Iraq's border security with neighboring countries also reinforced the need for stronger Iraqi-Jordanian economic exchange, despite moments of stagnation. This has always indicated that both countries serve as strategic, economic, and security depth for one another. Overall, the relationship between Iraq and Jordan remains poised for further development and growth due to the various aforementioned factors.
The historical roots of Iraqi-Jordanian relations date back to early 1921, when Prince Abdullah assumed leadership in East Jordan and King Faisal I took power in Iraq. The early stages of these relations went through phases of contraction and tension, lacking long-term stability. The relationship witnessed much push and pull, periods of stagnation and discord. However, the close proximity, social interconnection between the Iraqi and Jordanian peoples, multiple areas of agreement and shared development, along with elements of divergence, necessitate studying this relationship to explore the mutual capabilities of the two countries in dealing with one another in a way that ensures the continuity of their ties and distances both sides from areas of conflict and dispute. Both Iraq and Jordan recognized the need for mutual cooperation since they were partners in the Hashemite Union prior to the July 14, 1958 revolution. The events surrounding this revolution, particularly the killing of members of the Iraqi Hashemite royal family, had negative repercussions on bilateral relations. After 1968, the Iraqi government sought to restore relations and move past previous tensions, contributing to the development of advanced political ties that reflected positively on the overall scope of cooperation between the two countries. During this period, Iraq was the only oil-rich Arab state that stood by Jordan. The 1980s and 1990s saw significant events that affected the relationship, such as the Iran-Iraq War and Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. These circumstances led Iraq to mitigate the challenges of the international sanctions imposed by the UN after its invasion of Kuwait by utilizing Jordan's position as a trade gateway and leveraging its economic ties with the world. It can be said that mutual interests were the key factor shaping the nature of the relationship, alongside the impact of the international environment and external pressures on both countries. The transformations in the global order after the Cold War had a clear effect on Iraq's broader Arab relations. Additionally, the many shared characteristics between the two nations pushed them toward establishing positive ties. Iraq holds great importance for Jordan, not only as a neighboring country but as a strategic depth and a rich nation that represents a vast market for Jordanian products and industries. Iraq could also be a major destination for Jordanian labor and technical expertise, in addition to presenting economic opportunities through reconstruction projects in which Jordan could play a key role. The historical political, economic, social, and cultural relations, as well as shared interests such as religion, language, culture, customs, traditions, and social structures, all played a role in strengthening the relationship. Both countries are part of the Arab nation, and they share a common border of 181 km and are located within the same regional framework. Jordan serves as Iraq's primary gateway to the world, facilitating major peaceful flows of movement. The deterioration of Iraq's border security with neighboring countries also reinforced the need for stronger Iraqi-Jordanian economic exchange, despite moments of stagnation. This has always indicated that both countries serve as strategic, economic, and security depth for one another. Overall, the relationship between Iraq and Jordan remains poised for further development and growth due to the various aforementioned factors.
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Tarih, Uluslararası İlişkiler, History, International Relations
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