Isolation of Flavonoids from the Selected Trigonella Species

Abstract

Trigonella foenum-graecum, a plant cultivated in Türkiye, is used as fodder, food, spice, perfume, insect repellent, dye, and for medicinal applications. While there are numerous studies on this species in the literature, detailed investigations of some endemic species widely grown in Türkiye are lacking. The phytochemical studies on T. foenum-graecum and Türkiye's endemic species, T. macrorrhyncha and T. kotschyi, were conducted, affording 11 compounds, including three previously undescribed compounds, from aqueous extracts of aerial parts of the endemic species and T. foenum-graecum. The isolated new compounds were conclusively identified as quercetin 3-O-(2 ''-O-J3-glucosyl-6 ''-O-acetyl)-J3-galactoside 7-O-alpha-rhamnoside (10) and kaempferol 3-O-(2 ''-O-(4 '''-O-methylmalonyl)-alpha-rhamnosyl)J3-glucoside) 7-O-alpha-rhamnoside (11). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts and the isolated compounds from the active extract was also tested on A549 and PC3 cancer cell lines. Although the T. kotschyi extract demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity (IC50: 75.54 and 64.14 mu g/mL for A549 and PC-3, respectively), none of the isolated compounds exhibited notable cytotoxicity.