Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü

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Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 13
Molecular phylogeny of plant pathogenic fungi based on start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism
(Springer, 2023) Palacıoğlu, Gülsüm; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Bayraktar, Harun; Özer, Göksel
Background: A number of molecular marker systems have been developed to assess genetic diversity, carry out phylogenetic analysis, and diagnose and discriminate plant pathogenic fungi. The start codon targeted (SCoT) markers system is a novel approach used here to investigate intra and interspecific polymorphisms of phytopathogenic fungi. Materials and methods: This study assessed genetic variability between and within 96 isolates of ten fungal species associated with a variety of plant species using 36 SCoT primers. Results: The six primers generated 331 distinct and reproducible banding patterns, of which 322 were polymorphic (97.28%), resulting in 53.67 polymorphic bands per primer. All primers produced informative amplification profiles that distinguished all fungal species. With a resolving power of 10.65, SCoT primer 12 showed the highest polymorphism among species, followed by primer 33 and primer 29. Polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei's diversity index (h), and Shannon index (I) percentages were 6.25, 0.018, and 0.028, respectively. UPGMA analysis separated all isolates based on morphological classification and revealed significant genetic variation among fungal isolates at the intraspecific level. PCoA analysis strongly supported fungal species discrimination and genetic variation. The other parameters of evaluation proved that SCoT markers are at least as effective as other DNA markers. Conclusions: SCoT markers were effective in identifying plant pathogenic fungi and were a powerful tool for estimating genetic variation and population structure of different fungi species.
Citation - WoS: 1
MATURE EMBRYO CULTURE IN BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) UNDER DIFFERENT CONCENT TIONS OF SODIUM AZIDE
(FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, 2021) Alsoudan, Ismaeil; Haliloglu, Kamil; Kosunkartay, Hasan; Kızılgeçi, Ferhat; Kutlu, Meral
The present study was performed to determine the effects of different genotypes and concentrations of sodium azide on callus formation and plant regeneration from endosperm supported mature embryo derived calli of barley. Callus formation of endosperm supported mature embryos of two barley genotype were cultured in MS medium with five different concentrations of sodium azide (NaN3) (0, 10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), and 10(-1) mM). Results revealed that the main effects of both genotypes, sodium azide concentrations and their interactions on callus and embriogenic callus development and regeneration were significant or highly significant, suggesting that genotypes responded differently to the different sodium azide concentrations. The application of sodium azide application decreased the callus induction rate, embryogenic callus rate, responded embryogenic callus rate and regeneration efficiency. When evaluating the concentrations based on the averages, the highest regeneration efficiency and responded embryogenic callus rate were obtained at 10(-1) mM and 10(-4) mM concentrations, respectively, compared with the control. The highest callus induction rate (81.12%) in Alcar genotype and the highest regeneration efficiency (1.99 plants) were observed in OI-gun genotype.
Çinko Uygulamasının Makarnalık Buğdayın (Triticum durum Desf.) Verim ve Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkisi
(2016) Aktaş, Hüsnü
Bu çalışma çinkonun (Zn) toprak ve yapraktan beraber uygulanmasının Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yoğun ekim alanına sahip 7 adet durum buğdayı çeşidinin verim, verim bileşenleri ve kalite özellikleri üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2013-14 ve 2014-15 buğday yetiştirme sezonlarında sulu koşullarda Kızıltepe Meslek Yüksek Okulu Deneme Alanında tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Birinci yılda çinko kullanılan (+Zn) ve çinko kullanılmayan (-Zn) uygulamaların tane verimi ortalaması sırasıyla 742 - 693 kg/da ve istatistiki olarak önemsiz, ikinci yılda ise 751 - 659 kg/da ve istatistiki olarak önemli olarak tespit edilmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre, ilk yılda başakta tane sayısı, camsı tane oranı, sedimantasyon, protein oranı, yaş gluten özellikleri için uygulamalar arasındaki farklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunurken (P<0.05 ya da P<0.01), ikinci yılda tane verimi, başak ağırlığı, camsı tane oranı, sedimantasyon, protein oranı, ve yaş gluten özellikleri için önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan çeşitlerin +Zn ve –Zn uygulamalarındaki responsu farklı olmuş, her uygulamada da çeşitler arasındaki farklar incelenen özellikler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çinko uygulaması ile en yüksek tane verimi artışı birinci yılda G1 çeşidinde, ikinci yılda ise G3 ve G5 çeşitlerinde gözlenirken, camsılık parametresi için birinci yılda çinko uygulaması ile en yüksek artış G3 ve G4 çeşitlerinde, ikinci yılda ise G2 ve G5 çeşitlerinde belirlenmiştir. Çinko uygulaması ile protein oranında en yüksek artış birinci yılda G7 çeşidinde ikinci yılda ise G6 çeşidinde gerçekleşmiştir. Birinci yılda G6 ve ikinci yılda ise G2 çeşitleri dışında çinko uygulaması ile bütün çeşitlerde SDS sedimantasyon değeri artış gösterirken, irmik rengi (b) için uygulamalar arasında belirgin bir fark gözlenmemiştir.
Citation - WoS: 23
Citation - Scopus: 29
PROFICIENCY OF BIPLOT METHODS (AMMI AND GGE) IN THE APPRAISAL OF TRITICALE GENOTYPES IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS
(CORVINUS UNIV BUDAPEST, 2019) Kendal, Enver; Tekdal, Sertaç; Karaman, Mehmet
The AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype, genotype x environment) biplot analyses were used to evaluate and identify stability and yield of Triticale genotypes at three different locations throughout two years (2014-15-2015-16). The AMMI analysis of variance showed significant genotype, environment and GE interaction and indicated 1.31, 98.40 and 0.28% of total variation, respectively. The GGE bi-plot analysis indicated 78.19% of the total variation (PC1 (priciple component) 50.01%, and PC2 26.08%). This study has been useful to discriminate genotypes with superior and stable yield evaluated by the AMMI analysis and yield stability index incorporating the AMMI stability value and yield capacity in a single non-parametric index. The AMMI analysis indicated that G4, G8 (candidate) and G6 were found to be quite promising genotypes. In the GGE biplot analysis genotypes were investigated in two mega-environments, and the first mega-environment covered E3, E5 and E6, and the second mega-environment covered E1, E2 and E4. The genotypes G6, G8, G9 and Gll were the wining genotypes in ME (mega-environment) I, G3, G4 and G12 and in ME II. The GGE and AMMI biplot approaches let us to describe the best genotypes, and G8 to be stable and high yielding for both ME, G6 only for ME I, G4 only for ME II and can be recommended to release as a cultivar.
The Effect of Talaromyces funiculosus ST976 Isolated from Pistacia vera Rhizosphere on Phosphorus Solubility in Soil Samples with Different Physicochemical Properties
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2022) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Eren, Abdullah; Özer, Göksel
In this study, a total of 78 Talaromyces isolates were isolated from the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rhizosphere heavily infested with Neoscytalidium spp. The identification studies of the four representative isolates based on morphological and molecular methods showed that all isolates were T. funiculosus. The 575 bp long sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of T. funiculosus isolate ST976, selected as a representative of the isolates, was deposited in GenBank under accession no. MW130842. The Maximum Likelihood tree clustered the ST976 isolate with reference T. funiculosus isolates derived from the GenBank nucleotide database. The phosphorus dissolution ability of ST976 isolate was determined by an experiment using six soil samples collected from agricultural lands in various locations of Şanlıurfa province. The pH of the soil samples taken varied between 7.21 and 7.88. As a result of the analysis performed with the addition of the isolate ST976 applied to soil samples with different soil structures (Clay and Clay-Loam), it was determined that the isolate ST976 dissolved 109–311% more phosphorus than the control sample. The study is one of the first studies proving the ability of T. funiculosus isolate ST976 to dissolve phosphorus without any additives to soil solution was determined.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 17
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potency of Seseli L. Species (Apiaceae)
(Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020) Önder, Alev; Çınar, Ahsen Sevde; Yılmaz Sarıaltın, Sezen; İzgi, Mehmet Necat; Çoban, Tülay
Objectives: In the present study, the antioxidant potency of ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from the aerial parts of Seseli L. species was investigated for the first time. Materials and Methods: Seseli species L. such as Seseli andronakii Woronow ex Schischk., S. campestre Besser, S. corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr., S. gummiferum subsp. gummiferum Pall. ex Sm., S. hartvigii Parolly & Nordt, S. libanotis (L.) W.Koch, S. petraeum M.Bieb., S. peucedanoides (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol., S. resinosum Freyn & Sint., and S. tortuosum L. growing in Turkey were collected and evaluated for their antioxidant capacity by using 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibition methods. Results: The highest activities as a scavenger of DPPH radicals were found in the AcOEt extracts of S. peucedanoides (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol (IC50=0.49 mg/mL), and S. libanotis (IC50=0.75 mg/mL); α-tocopherol was used as a positive control. On the other hand, in the LPO assay, the highest activities were determined in AcOEt and MeOH extracts (at 5 mg/mL) of S. tortuosum and S. libanotis (84-94%). Conclusion: This report gives important information about the antioxidant capacity of Seseli L. species. This research on antioxidant capacity proves that the use of some species used in Eastern Anatolia (in salads) is correct. With this screening study performed in Seseli L. species growing in Turkey, in the future, it is planned to isolate antioxidant compounds from the most active strains of Seseli L.
BAZI KIŞLIK NOHUT (CİCER ARİETİNUM L.) ÇEŞİTLERİN MARDİN KOŞULLARINDAKİ VERİM VE ADAPTASYON YETENEKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
(2019) Doğan Yusuf, Doğan Serap, Kendal Enver
Mardin ekolojik şartları nohut yetiştiriciliği için son derece önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu amaçla, araştırma 5 adet nohut (Azkan, İnci, Aksu, Arda ve Diyar-95) çeşidi ile 2015-2016 yetiştirme mevsiminde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, bitki boyu (cm), bitkide bakla sayısı (adet), baklada tane sayısı (adet), 100 tane ağırlığı (g) ve tane verimi (kg/da) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan çeşitlere ait bir yıllık sonuçlara göre, bitki boyu 49.7-68.7 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 54.9-73.3 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 51.1-71.7 adet, 100 tane ağırlığı 35.0- 41.0 g, tane verimi 275.6-336.9 kg/da, olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda en yüksek verim Aksu çeşidinde elde edilmiştir.
KURU FASULYE GENOTİPLERİN HİDRATASYON KAPASİTELERİ, HİDRATASYON İNDEKSLERİ VE SERT TOHUM KABUĞU ORANLARININ BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
(2019) Doğan Yusuf, Doğan Serap, Kendal Enver
Deneme, Türkiye’de tescil edilmiŞ fasulye çeşitlerinin Hidratasyon kapasiteleri, hidratasyon indeksleri ve sert tohum kabuğuna sahip tohum oranlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2015 Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi laboratuarlarında Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Planına göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede Türkiye’de tescil edilmiş 10 çeşitle (Bulduk, Karacaşehir 90, Adabeyazı, Yunus 90, Akman 98, Göynük 98, Önceler 98, Noyanbey 98, Yakutiye 98, , Terzibaba) iki yerli çeşit olmak üzere toplam 12 kuru fasulye çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Deneme sonunda Hidratasyon kapasitesi, Hidratasyon indeksi ve sert tohum yönünden çeşitler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak % 5 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Çeşitlerin Hidratasyon kapasiteleri 0.174-0.669 arasında değişmistirmir. Hidratasyon kapasitesi en yüksek çeşitler Noyanbey-98 ve Bulduk-90 çeşitleri olurken, Yerli fasulye en düşük Hidratasyon kapasitesine sahip çeşit olarak yer almıştır. Hidratasyon indeksi yönünden Yakutiye.98, Önceler.98, Terzibaba ve Yunus.98 çeşitleri ilk sırası paylaşırken Yerli çeşitler son sırada yer almıştır. Sert tohum yönünden yerli çeşit % 9.6 (X1) ile ilk sırayı alıştır.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 12
Allelic variations of glutenin subunits and their association with quality traits in bread wheat genotypes
(2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction of the yield and quality traits for five bread wheat varieties commonly grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and 20 advanced lines developed within the framework of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Project. We also determined the allelic pattern of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci of these genotypes and examined whether these loci had an effect on the quality traits. There was a significant variation among the genotypes and environments in terms of grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), and the extensograph dough energy value (EDEV). The results of the study indicated that genotypic effect was more influential on SV and EDEV than environmental effect; thus, both traits could be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with better quality. Twelve different high-molecularweight (HMW) glutenin alleles were identified at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, resulting in 14 allelic combinations, and 17 different alleles were observed in 19 combinations for low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits. Furthermore, among all the genotypes, 13 + 16 and 13 + 19 alleles at Glu-B1 and 5 + 12 at Glu-D1 were observed to have the lowest frequency. Our study indicated that the combinations of HMW glutenin alleles with 2* at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 and 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, and 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, as well as the combinations of LMW alleles with subunits c and d at Glu-A3; subunits d, b, c, and g at Glu-B3; and subunits a and b at Glu-D3 had positive effects on the quality traits.
Tritikale Islah Çalışmalarında Biplot Analiz Tekniğinin Seleksiyonda Kullanılması
(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2022) Kendal, Enver
Öz: Bu çalışma, Diyarbakır şartlarında 2012-2013 ve 2013-14 yetiştirme sezonlarında 20 adet ileri kademede tritikale hattı ve 5 adet standart çeşit ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre yürütülmüş ve araştırmada tane verimi ile bazı kalite ve verim parametreleri incelenmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre birçok özellik bakımından yıl, genotip ve yıl*genotip interaksiyonu önemli (p<0.01; p<0.05) bulunmuştur. Araştırmada her iki yılın ortalamasına sonuçlarına göre genotiplerin başaklanma süreleri 105-115 gün, bitki boyu 98-118 cm, tane verimi 323.7-538.9 kg/da, hektolitre ağırlığı 71.2- 78.8 kg/hl, bin tane ağırlığı 28.0-40.2 g, protein oranı %14.6-17.2, tanedeki rutubet oranı %7.9- 8.1 arasında değişmiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından araştırmada kullanılan birçok hat denemede standart olarak kullanılan çeşitlere üstünlük sağlamıştır. Ayrıca GT biplot tekniği ile tüm karakterler birlikte ele alınarak üstün genotipler belirlenmiştir. GT biplot tekniğinde PC1 varyasyonun %36.83, PC2 ise %19.53 ve toplamda varyasyonun % 56.36’sini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yetiştirme sezonlarının ekolojik faktörlerine bağlı olarak ilk yıl bitkiler daha erken başaklanmış ve daha yüksek boya ulaşmış olup tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı ve hektolitre ağırlığı ikinci yıla göre daha yüksek, bunların aksine protein oranının ikinci yıla göre yüksek yağışlardan dolayı daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Biplot analiz tekniklerinin seleksiyonda ıslahçıların işini kolaylaştırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çeşit adaylarının belirlenmesi için yapılacak çevre çalışmalarında tek yetiştirme sezonunun sonuçları yetersiz kalacağı ve iki yetiştirme sezonundaki sonuçların çeşit adaylarını değerlendirmek için yeterli olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Buğday Bitkisine Uygulanan Farklı Miktarlarda Leonarditin Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi
(2016) Kolay, Betül; Gürsoy, Songül; Avşar, Özlem; Bayram, Nurettin; Öztürkmen, Ali Rıza; Aydemir, Salih; Aktaş, Hüsnü
Leonardit, toprak özelliklerini iyileştirmede ve dolayısıyla ürün verimini arttırmada kullanılan organikgübrelerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, sulanabilir koşularda buğday bitkisine farklı miktarlarda leonardituygulanarak, uygulanan bu leonarditin bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine olan etkisi belirlenmiştir. Çalışma2009-2012 yıllarında GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü deneme alanında,tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede leonarditin 6farklı dozu (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 kg da-1) uygulanmıştır. Hasat sonrası tüm parsellerde, topraktaorganik madde, toprak nemi, hacim ağırlığı ve penetrasyon direnci belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda,farklı miktarlarda uygulanan leonarditin toprakta organik madde, toprak nemi ve hacim ağırlığı üzerineetkisinin olmadığı, penetrasyon direnci üzerine etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Toprak penetrasyon direncileonardit uygulaması ile azalmıştır.
The anatomical properties of Salvia section (Lamiaceae) in central district of Mardin (Turkey) and their taxonomic implications
(Journal of advanced research in natural and applied sciences (Online), 2022) Kılıç, Murat; Mungan Kılıç, Fatma
In this study, 4 Salvia species found in the Salvia section distributed in the Artuklu district of Mardin province were analyzed comparatively in terms of anatomy. Plant specimens of Salvia section were collected from 11 localities. Anatomical studies were performed on specimens preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse sections taken from the roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the species were examined under a light microscope for anatomical examination. The anatomy of S. bracteata, S. macrochlamys, S. suffruticosa, S. trichoclada species were examined. The S. suffruticosa species was examined in detail for the first time anatomically. The data obtained as a result of the researches were compared with the previous studies on the Salvia section. In anatomical examinations, it was observed that the root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar but shapes and measurements in addition to this the number of tissue layers and pith rows are different. Also anatomically analyses, it has been seen that hairiness formed a difference between some species. As a result of all these discussed data, the anatomical characters such as number of ray rows in root, number of collenchyma layers in stem, mesophyll structures in leaves, shape of midrib and number of vascular bundles in petiole, provide important taxonomic information.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 21
Canker and leaf scorch on olive (Olea europaea L.) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Güney, İnci Güler; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel
In a recent survey of olive groves in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey, a new and serious decline of olive trees, beginning with foliar scorching and then dieback of twigs, branches, and even whole trees, was observed for the first time. In more advanced stages of the disease, necrosis and cankers were observed on the bark of the trunk, branches, and twigs. Isolations from symptomatic tissues from multiple cultivars in diverse locations yielded Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, which were identified using ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci of genomic DNA, in combination with morphological data. In vitro studies showed that conidial germination, hyphal growth, and pycnidia formation of the pathogen were positively correlated with elevated temperatures. Wild type olive “Delice”, “Edincik Su”, and “Memecik” seemed like the most resistant cultivars on which disease severity values were the lowest among 14 screened olive cultivars in two experimental orchards under natural conditions. Pathogenicity tests showed that “Gemlik” was the most susceptible cultivar showing the largest cankers and extensive scorch lesions. Isolates caused canker but not leaf scorch on O. europaea cultivars “Arbequina” “Halhalı”, “Manzanilla”, “Nizip Yağlık”, and “Saurani”. Neoscytalidium isolates are likely to have a negative impact on the health of diverse olive groves, which are primarily confined to Mediterranean-type climatic regions. These findings suggest an increased risk of infection in environments with increasing temperatures, as is common in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. The information gathered in this study will be used to examine the disease's epidemiology and establish disease control initiatives. This is also the first report of N. dimidiatum infecting O. europaea in the world.
Bazı fakültatif buğday genotiplerinin farklı çevrelere tepkileri
(Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021) Erdemci, İrfan; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Karaman, Mehmet
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fakültatif gelişme tabiatına sahip ekmeklik buğdaygenotiplerin farklı çevrelerde verim ve kalite özelliklerin belirlenmesidir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 2014-2015 yetiştirme sezonunda yağışa dayalışartlarda 25 ekmeklik buğday genotipi (20 ileri hat ve 5 standart çeşit) ile Diyarbakırve Muş lokasyonlarında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalıolarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çeşit ve hatların tane verimi ile bazı kalite (bintane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, zeleny sedimantasyon ve yaş gluten)özellikleri incelenmiştir.Araştırma Bulguları: Birleştirilmiş varyans analizinde, genotip, çevre ve bunlarınetkileşim (genotip × çevre) etkileri, incelenen özelliklerden bin tane ve hektolitreağırlığı hariç diğer tüm özellikler için oldukça anlamlıydı. Ancak genotip-çevreetkileşiminin etkisi incelenen tüm parametreler açısından genotip ve çevreye göredaha küçük boyuttaydı. Diyarbakır lokasyonu incelenen kalite parametreleri için öneçıkarken, Muş lokasyonu tane verimi yönünde öne çıkmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmada, G17 genotipi her iki test ortamında da en yüksek tane veriminesahipti ve verim açısından en kararlıydı. G11 ve G21 genotipleri kalite parametreleriaçısından ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu genotiplerin gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarındaebeveyn olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Citation - WoS: 24
Citation - Scopus: 29
Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan
(Journal of Fungi, 2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Imren, Mustafa; Amer, Mohammed; Özdemir, Fatih; Paulitz, Timoth; Morgounov, Alexey; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Kazakhstan is the fourteenth largest wheat producer in the world. Despite this fact, there has not been a comprehensive survey of wheat root and crown rot. A quantitative survey was conducted for the purpose of establishing the distribution of fungi associated with root and crown rot on wheat (Triticum spp.). During the 2019 growing season, samples were taken from the affected plants’ roots and stem bases. A total of 1221 fungal isolates were acquired from 65 sites across the central (Karagandy region), eastern (East Kazakhstan region), and southeastern (Almaty region) parts of the country and identified using morphological and molecular tools. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences were successfully used to identify the species of fungal isolates. It was found that Bipolaris sorokiniana (44.80%) and Fusarium acuminatum (20.39%) were the most predominant fungal species isolated, which were present in 86.15 and 66.15% of the fields surveyed, respectively, followed by F. equiseti (10.16%), Curvularia spicifera (7.62%), F. culmorum (4.75%), F. oxysporum (4.10%), F. redolens (2.38%), Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 (1.06%), Nigrospora oryzae (0.98%), C. inaequalis (0.90%), F. pseudograminearum (0.74%), F. flocciferum (0.74%), Macrophomina phaseolina (0.66%), F. cf. incarnatum (0.33%), Fusarium sp. (0.25%), and F. torulosum (0.16%). A total of 74 isolates representing 16 species were tested via inoculation tests on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 and the results revealed that F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum, B. sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., R. solani, F. redolens, C. spicifera, C. inaequalis, and N. oryzae were virulent, whereas others were non-pathogenic. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the presence of a diverse spectrum of pathogenic fungal species relevant to wheat crown and root rot in Kazakhstan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. pseudograminearum, Fusarium sp., C. spicifera, and C. inaequalis as pathogens on wheat in Kazakhstan.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
First report of needle blight of blue spruce (Picea pungens) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey
(SpringerLink, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Güney, İnci Güler; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, Göksel
The blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) is an exotic conifer species widely used for decorative purposes in landscaping and private gardens. In 2020, 60% of forty blue spruce trees between 20 and 25 years old planted in front of buildings in Kavaklıdere, Ankara, displayed needle blight symptoms. Needles on the lower and interior crown closest to the trunk were infected from the bottoms of branches. They showed a brown-colored or burned appearance before dropping off, starting from their tips, resulting in up to a 65% reduction of the canopy. On the surface of infected tissues, a black-colored fungal mass was observed. Fungal colonies isolated from twenty symptomatic branches and needles were initially dark gray and became black within 4 to 7 days. Zero- to one-septate dark brown conidia (4.6 to 9.8 × 3.6 to 7.5 μm) formed in arthric chains were disarticulating and cylindrical-truncate to rod-shaped, oblong, ellipsoidal, doliiform, or globose, consistent with the description of Neoscytalidium spp. (Crous et al. 2006). The internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin loci of a randomly selected isolate (Nd_Pp01) were sequenced using the primers ITS1/4, EF1-728 F/986R, and Bt2a/Bt2b and deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OK643641, OK666381, and OK666382, respectively. The sequences had 99.77–100% nucleotide identity with those of the type specimen of N. dimidiatum, CBS 145.78. Phylogenetic analysis with concatenated sequences further confirmed the identification. The isolate was deposited in the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Culture Collection with accession number BAIBU-179. A pathogenicity test was conducted with ten 1-year-old P. pungens plants by spraying a conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) of the isolate Nd_Pp01 onto the needles (Türkölmez et al. 2019). Five seedlings sprayed with sterile water were used as controls. All plants were placed in a growth chamber at 28°C with 70% RH. Spray-inoculated needles initially showed yellow spots within two weeks and turned brown six weeks after inoculation, whereas the controls remained symptom-free. The pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated needles but not from controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing needle blight on P. pungens in Turkey and worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2023).
Citation - Scopus: 2
Mardin İlindeki Küçükbaş Hayvancılık İşletmelerinin Yapısal Durumu
(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021) Acıbuca, Veysi; Bostan Budak, Dilan
Bu çalışma, Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık üreticilerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, desteklemelerden faydalanma durumları, birliğe üye olma durumları, hayvan sağlığı uygulamaları ve sorunlarını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2019 yılı Şubat ve Haziran ayları arasında yürütülmüş olup araştırma materyalini Mardin ilinin 4 ilçesinde tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 142 işletmede yapılan anket verileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler neticesinde işletmelerde ortalama 197.4 baş hayvan varlığı olduğu ve işletmelerin % 16.2’sinin hayvancılığı sadece ailenin hayvansal ürün ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde hayvan sayısı arttıkça bilgiye ulaşma isteği ve desteklemelerden faydalanma durumunda artış gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin gelişmesini önleyen en önemli faktörlerin başında yem giderlerinin yüksek olması ve çoban sıkıntısının geldiği belirlenmiş olup gençlerin hayvancılık faaliyetlerine yönlendirilmesi için çobanlık mesleğinin cazibeli hale getirilmesi önerilmiştir.
Investigation quality of durum wheat landraces and determination of the parents to use in the breeding program
(2019) Eren, Abdullah; Doğan, Yusuf; Kendal, Enver
The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of durum wheat grain. For this reason, genetic resources are crucial for the identification of parents and the enrichment of the gene pool that can be used in the development of new varieties for better nutrition of people. For this purpose, 131 populations of landraces, 9 promising line and 5 new varieties were used. The experiment was set up in randomized blocks with 7 replications, according to the augmented (increased) experimental design in 2015-2016 growing season. In the study, we examined total nitrogen content, protein ratio, CIE (Commission Internationale Eclairage) wheat color analysis (L* brightness, b* jaundice, a* redness) of 145 genotypes of durum wheat seeds. According to analysis of variance, highly significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) were determined for total nitrogen, protein content and CIE L* value, while differences were not significant for b* value and a* value. The superiority of the genotypes was determined by the first two principal components (IPC1 (principle component) and IPC2) in order to create a two-dimensional GT biplot. The sum squares of the first two components were accounted by 45.34% (PC1) and 40.03% (PC2) for genotypes. The GT (genotype x trait) biplot indicated that 9 (nine) sectors occurred among genotypes and quality parameters. On the other hand, three groups occurred among the quality parameters based on the genotypes. The scatter plot demonstrated that there is a high correlation between b* jaundice, and a* redness. The results showed that cultivars and more landraces have general adaptability for all quality parameters, while some genotypes (G79, G78), (G22, G102), (G3) and (G121, G5) showed specific adaptation for N (nitrogen), PC (protein content) and L*, a* and b* values, respectively. According to the biplot techniques, G36 came forward with the N, P and a* value and desirable landraces, G5 for b* value, G30 stable line for all quality parameters, while (G128, G61) and the majority of promising lines (L4, L6) did not come forward with any quality parameters. The results of the study indicated that the majority of landraces can be used as parents to improve the quality of durum wheat varieties. The study indicated that GT biplot can be used to evaluate the genotypes graphically to select the best genotypes for parents to use in breeding programs.
Citation - Scopus: 1
A new host for Fusarium algeriense causing crown and root rot on barley in Kyrgyzstan
(Wiley Online Library, 2022) Zholdoshbekova S; Bozoğlu T.; Erper I.; Derviş, S.; Özer, G.
After maize, wheat and rice, barley is the most widely planted and economically important cereal crop in the Kyrgyzstan’s highlands (Usubaliev et al., 2013) and worldwide. In two barley fields in the Manas district of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, diseased plants exhibiting crown and root rot, stunting and brown discolouration on internodes were observed in 2020. Disease incidence was approximately 5% in the two fields.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Interregional comparative analysis of farmers’ perceptions and expectations of climate change
(Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2022) Acıbuca, Veysi; Kaya, Aybüke; Kaya, Tuğçe
This study looked into the relationship and effects of agricultural activities in different regions of Turkey on climate change. This study aims to determine farmer awareness of climate change and its effects, as well as farmer adaptation capabilities in different regions of Turkey against climate change, and to develop extension and policy tools based on the findings. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with farmers in the provinces where the research was conducted. In this context, a proportional sampling survey of 418 farmers was conducted. The collected information was subjected to factor analysis and the independent t-test. According to the findings, farmers associate climate change with precipitation, and the effect of precipitation and the risks it poses in increasing or decreasing crop yields are of particular concern. Farmers in the Southeastern Anatolia Region are more concerned about heat and drought than farmers in the Mediterranean Region. Furthermore, producers believe that human-caused factors and economic development have a greater impact on climate change than agricultural activities. Farmers in research areas are concerned that climate change will increase migration from rural areas and the decline of forests and animal species. As a result, raising individual awareness and utilising new technology in rural areas is critical. Farmers’ awareness of new and environmentally friendly agricultural techniques must be raised to increase their use. Highlights - Farmers associate climate change with drought. - According to the farmers, the leading factors causing climate change are human-induced factors that disrupt the ecological balance. - The most important concern regarding the effects of climate change is that production costs will increase. - Farmers are reluctant to implement adaptation or mitigation methods that can be developed against climate change.

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