Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü Koleksiyonu
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Browsing Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü Koleksiyonu by Institution Author "Kaçar, Semra"
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Book Part ATATÜRK BARAJ GÖLÜ’NDEKI CYPRINUS CARPIO (LINNAEUS, 1758)’NUN KAS DOKUSU YAĞ ASIDI IÇERIĞININ MEVSIMSEL DEĞIŞIMI,(2021) Kaçar semra; Başhan MehmetGİRİŞ C. carpio, dünyada hemen hemen her yerde bulunan hızlı büyüyen ve üreme yeteneği iyi olan, eti lezzetli tatlısu balığıdır. Omnivor olup, su böcekleri, kurtlar ve diğer hayvanlarla beslenir. Üreme dönemi ilkbahar mevsiminde gerçekleşmektedir (Geldiay ve Balık, 1996). Sazan balığı çeşitli su koşullarına toleranslı bir türdür. 4-30 °C arasındaki su sıcaklık değişimlerine hızlı uyum sağlar (Aydın, 1984). Kalp hastalıklarından depresyona kadar birçok hastalık üzerine faydalarından dolayı balık yağlarıyla ilgili çokça çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Balık yağının faydaları içerdiği EPA ve DHA adı verilen n-3 yağ asitlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, Eskimolarda kalp krizi riskinin oldukça düşük olduğu, bunun da besin olarak tüketilen yağlı balıklardan ileri geldiği bildirilmiştir (Dyerberg, 1990, Sinclair ve O’dea, 1990). Balık yağlarındaki EPA ve DHA’nın kalp damar hastalıkları, depresyon, romatizma, şeker hastalığı, tansiyon, kanser gibi birçok hastalıktan korunmada önemli etkisi olduğu görülmüştür (Nettleton, 2000). Genel olarak ω3 yağ asitlerinin (ALA (Alfa linolenik asit:18:3n-3), EPA ve DHA) özellikle büyüme, gelişme, kan lipitleri ve lipoprotein seviyeleri üzerine yararlı etkileri olduğu (Siscovick vd., 1995; İmre ve Sağlık, 1998; Tanakol vd., 1999); eksikliğinde ise cilt hastalıkları, anemi, görme bozuklukları, enfeksiyona yatkınlık gibi rahatsızlıkların ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir (Steffens ve Wirth, 2005). PL, zarların önemli bileşenleridir ve eikosanoid metabolizmasında öncü işlev görürken, TAG, enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılır (Henderson ve Tocher, 1987). Bu nedenle, bazı türler arasında karşılaştırma yapmak için hem TAG hem de PL’deki yağ asidi bileşimi araştırılmalıdır. C. carpio’nun kas dokusu yağ asidi analizi ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır (Geri vd., 1995; Rasoarahona vd., 2004; Tokur vd., 2006; Güler vd., 2008; Yeganeh vd., 2012). Fakat Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nde dişi ve erkek C. carpio’nun kas dokusu yağ asidi kompozisyonunun mevsimsel değişikliklerin etkileri hakkında çalışma yoktur. Bu çalışmada Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nden toplanan dişi ve erkek C. carpio’nun kas dokusu total lipit, PL ve TAG yağ asitleri içeriğinin mevsimsel değişimleri ile eşeye bağlı farklılıkların karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Effect of seasons on the fatty acid profile of total lipid, phospholipid and triacylglycerol in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey).(2018) Kaçar, Semra; Başhan, Mehmet; Oymak, AhmetThe present study investigated the lipid content and FA profiles of total lipids, phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG) of Mastacembelus mastacembelus from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey). The results showed that the total lipid content of the dorsal muscle varied seasonally from 0.50% to 3.59%. Wide ranges of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (36.21 to 50.52%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (25.22 to 42.02%) were found in the PL fraction. However, higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (37.63 to 45.07%) and SFA (34.71 to 38.82%) were found in TAG (triacylglycerol). The ratios of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFA ranged from 0.65 to 1.32 and 1.07 to 3.48 in PL (phospholipid) and TAG fraction, respectively. The results also showed that the major components were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1ω-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1ω-7), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5ω-3) in total lipid, C16:0, C18:1ω-9, AA and DHA in PL, C16:0, C16:1ω-7, C18:1ω-9, linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6), and DHA in TAG extracted from the muscle of M. mastacembelus in all seasons.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Fatty acid compositions of colostrum and mature breast milk in Turkey (Mardin)(Acta Alimentaria, 2023) Kaçar, Semra; Başhan, Mehmet; Keskin, CumaliIn this study, 25-25 milk samples (25 colostral and 25 mature) collected at different lactational stages were used to analyse the fatty acid composition of breast milk. A gas-chromatographic method was used to perform and analyse the transmethylation of total milk lipid extracts. The milk samples contained 20 different fatty acids. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), myristic acid (C14:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) were the major components of total lipid, phospholipid (PL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions. Colostrum had a lower percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a lower level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) in total lipid than mature milk. Triacylglycerol and PL fractions between colostrum and mature milk samples did not differ statistically. © 2023 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Seasonal effect on fatty acid composition in phospholipid classes and triacylglycerols of male Capoeta umbla(CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifica, 2023) Kaçar, Semra; Kayhan Kaya, Hacer; Başhan, MehmetThe seasonal changes in muscle tissue, total lipids and fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerol (TAG), and phospholipid classes of male Capoeta umbla were investigated in this study. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were identified as the major phospholipids (PLs) in the muscle tissue (PS). Triacylglycerols showed high contents of MUFA, 14:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3; while phospholipids presented high contents of AA, DHA, and 18:0. Myristic acid, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were shown to be present in larger concentrations in TAG than in PL classes. In PL classes, 16:0, 18:0, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) were higher than the TAG fraction. The fatty acid composition of total lipid and lipid classes (TAG and PL) were affected by the seasonal variations and lipid fraction.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 10Seasonal Variations in the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol in Gonad and Liver of Mastacembelus simack(SPRINGER, 2015) Kaçar, Semra; Başhan, MehmetThe seasonal effects on the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in the gonad and liver of Mastacembelus simack were determined using the gas chromatographic method. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons and tissues were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The distribution proportions of aSFA (saturated fatty acids), aMUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) and aPUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were found to be different among PL and TG fractions in all seasons. The total lipid content of gonad and liver were 1.32 (November)-4.90 % (September) and 1.32 (September)-3.94 % (January), respectively. It was shown that the total lipid and fatty acid compositions in the gonad and liver of fish were significantly influenced by seasons.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 18Seasonal variations in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols of brown trout(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015) Kayhan, H.; Başhan, Mehmet; Kaçar, SemraSeasonal variations on phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TG) fatty acid (FA) compositions in muscles of Salmo trutta macrostigma were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) using the method described by Folch. The total lipid of the muscle was extracted using chloroform/methanol (2: 1, v/v) and was separated into TG and PL using thin layer chromatography (TLC). A total of nineteen and sixteen different fatty acids were determined in TG and PL, respectively. The distributions of Sigma SFAs (saturated fatty acids), Sigma MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids) and Sigma PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) proportions were found to be different among PL and TG fractions in all seasons. TG contained a lower proportion of Sigma PUFA, but a higher proportion of Sigma MUFA and Sigma SFA than PL. The major components were palmitic acid (16: 0), oleic acid (18: 1 n-9), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6 n-3) in PL, 16: 0, palmitoleic acid (16: 1 n-7), 18: 1 n-9, linoleic acid (LA, 18: 2 n-6), linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3 n-3), 20: 5 n-3 and 22: 6 n-3 in TG extracted from muscle of S. trutta macrostigma in all seasons. The total lipid content varied seasonally from 1.44% to 1.90% in female muscle of wet weight for S. trutta macrostigma. N-3/n-6 ratios of PL and TG were found to be 5.19-12.0 and 1.09-2.62, respectively.
