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Accumulation copper (Cu) in the Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen and Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata pall. taxa, spreading in Ayvalık saltern (Balıkesir-Turkey)
(Dergipark, 2020) Mungan Kılıç, Fatma; Kılıç, Murat; Ay, Güngör; Koçbaş, Fatma
The aim of this present study was to compare the level of copper (Cu) in the soils and different organs (root, stem, leaves) of Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen and Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata Pall. taxa which are widespread distribution in every locality of from Ayvalık saltern in Balıkesir. Each month samples were collected from determined seven stations, from soil dam surrounding saltern. Analyses were done by using Perkin Elmer Analyst 700 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) device. The level of Cu in H. portulacoides (0.003-0.925 ppm) and S. prostrata subsp. prostrata (0.004-0.896 ppm) was observed to be quite different. Levels of copper in the soils were below the limits of the Turkey soil pollution control regulations standard (TSP, 24609). The levels of Cu were found in the soil in H. portulacoides was 0.862- 1.111 ppm, S. prostrata subsp. prostrata 0.858-1.111 ppm.
Activity of Metalaxyl-M plus mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al, and Phosphorous Acid against Phytophthora Crown and Root Rot of Apricot and Cherry Caused by Phytophthora palmivora
(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel
Crown and root rot, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, has become a destructive disease of apricot and cherry in eastern Turkey. There are no currently registered fungicides labeled for its control. In greenhouse experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1-year-old potted apricot rootstock Zerdali and cherry rootstock Mahaleb plants were treated either with foliar spray of fosetyl-Al (140, 160, and 180 g a.i./100 l) or phosphorous acid (187.5, 200, and 215 g a.i./100 l) or soil drench of 100 ml of metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam)+mancozeb (12+192, 16+256, and 20+320 g a.i./100 l) one day after wound inoculation of crowns and roots. In both years, phosphorous acid at 200 and 215 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 160 and 180 g a.i./100 l, and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Zerdali by 70.68-80.00% and crown rot severity on both Zerdali and Mahaleb, by 68.32-91.96 and 74.21-82.60%, respectively, compared with phosphorous acid at 187.5 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 140 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l and control. Moreover, fosetyl-Al at 180 g a.i./100 l and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Mahaleb compared to fosetyl-Al at 140 and 160 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l, phosphorous acid treatments and control in 2012, providing the best control of the disease by 88.00-90.68%. Two/three phosphorous acid foliar applications at 200 g a.i./100 l suppressed symptom development when field applications were made on a curative basis in 2014 and 2015.
Activity of nanosized copper-boron alloys against Phytophthora species
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkkan, Muharrem; İlhan, Hasan; Şimşek, Tuncay; Güler, Ömer; Derviş, Sibel
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of copper-boron (Cu-B) nanoalloys against a range of Phytophthora species, including P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. cactorum, P. plurivora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma. The nanoalloys were synthesized via mechanical alloying under an argon atmosphere, resulting in the formation of nanocrystalline Cu-B nanoalloys with irregular morphology and particle sizes ranging from 50 to 240 nm. At a concentration of 250 µg mL−1, the Cu-B nanoalloys demonstrated complete inhibition of mycelial growth, sporangium production, and zoospore germination in all tested Phytophthora species. The EC50 values for mycelial growth ranged from 28.02 to 120.17 µg mL−1, while for sporangium production and zoospore germination, they were below 10 µg mL−1. Furthermore, the nanoalloys exhibited fungicidal activity against specific Phytophthora species, such as P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma, at concentrations of 100, 250, 250, and 250 µg mL−1, respectively. Notably, the Cu-B nanoalloys displayed significant protective and curative effects on tuber rot severity in P. nicotianae-inoculated potatoes, resulting in reductions of 94.13% and 92.61% compared to the control, respectively, at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of Cu-B nanoalloys as a promising fungicide for the management of plant diseases caused by Phytophthora spp.
Adsorptive Performance of Magnetic Nano-Biosorbent for Binary Dyes and Investigation of Comparative Biosorption
(Springer Nature, 2019) Tarhan, T.; Tarhan, Tuba; Tural, B.; Boga, K.; Tural, S.
The individual and competitive biosorption capacities of Metanil Yellow (MY) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by glutaraldehyde cross-linked magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (GMCNs) were studied. Competitive biosorption of the MY and RB5 dyes by the GMCNs has never been reported previously. Fourier transform infrared technique has been used to show the biosorbed MY and RB5 dyes onto GMCNs. During the studies, various essential factors influencing the biosorption, like adsorbate concentration, pH of the solution and contact time have been monitored. The equilibrium was achieved within 17 h for single dyes and 3 h for binary mixture at pH 3. The biosorption capacities were 620 mg/g for dye MY and 2549 mg/g for dye RB5 at pH 3, 30 °C. The second-order kinetic model has good compatibility with the dynamical biosorption behavior of a single dye and binary mixture. In order to study the competition biosorption of the RB5 and MY dyes in mixture solutions, the intraparticle diffusion model was used. Competition biosorption through analysis of the intraparticle diffusion model apparently favored the RB5 dye more than the MY dye on the GMCNs in mixture solutions. The biosorbent was regenerated efficiently through the alkaline solution and was then reused ten times for biosorption–desorption cycles. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Advances and applications of nanomaterial-assisted phytoremediation
(CRC Press, 2023) Jahan, Israt
Nanotechnology has the potential to drastically transform the agri-food sector with its significant applications to improve agricultural productivity and the efficiency of agrochemicals. The food sector has benefitted from the inclusion of nanoparticles in food matrixes and the nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals. Smart packaging mate rials designed with the help of nanotechnology have been used for increasing the shelf life of stored food products. Nanomaterials have been extensively used for the delivery of important agrochemicals to enhance their bioefficacy, prevent their deg radation, and control their release. Various nanomaterials have been explored for remediation of arising environmental issues. Nanotechnology has also made a useful contribution to the utilization of huge agricultural and food wastes for production of valuable products. The existing and emerging applications of nanotechnology will contribute to environmental sustainability
Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Values of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars at Various Sowing Dates
(2023) Izgı, Mehmet Necat; İzgi, Mehmet Necat; Bulut, Burhan
In this study, ten different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars registered in Türkiye were investigated for their sowing dates as a second crop in the lowlands of Mardin province, in 2018 and 2019. In this study, ten different sesame cultivars were used; these were Arslanbey, Boydak, Cumhuriyet-99, Hatipoğlu, Muganlı-57, Orhangazi-99, Osmanlı-99, Sarısu, Tan-99, and Tanas. Four different sowing dates (June 5, June 15, June 25, and July 4) were examined for these cultivars. In this study, agricultural parameters such as plant height, number of lateral branches, number of capsules, seed yield, oil ratio, and oil yield of the sesame cultivars were investigated. Different sowing dates were found to have a significant effect on the sesame cultivars. The second sowing date resulted in the highest plant height, number of branches, number of capsules, seed yield, oil content, and oil yield (June 15). In terms of cultivars, the Boydak and Sarısu had the highest seed yield (2184 and 2149 kg ha-1, respectively), the Osmanlı-99 (54.6%) had the highest oil ratio, and the Sarısu and Boydak had the highest oil yield (1075 and 1062 kg ha-1, respectively). The Boydak and Sarısu cultivars are promising for high seed and oil yields in the second crop sowing, and a sowing date of June 15 is advised.
AGRONOMICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW
(2022) Kızılgeçi, Ferhat
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the crucial crops in the world in terms of economy, production, food, and nutrition (Yilmaz et al.2022). Wheat is grown in over 220 million ha of land all over the world, where it is subjected to abiotic stress on average (Paudel et al., 2021). This accounts for approximately 30 percent of the world's total cereal area (Cossani and Reynolds, 2012). FAO estimated that annual cereal production must increase by nearly a billion tons in order to feed the projected population of 9.1 billion people in 2050. The 21st century requires an increase in crop production and productivity to meet the rising demand for food (Iqbal et al., 2017). Wheat is cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, where it is subjected to a wide range of abiotic pressures. Crop yields are drastically diminished due to adverse environmental stress (Rahaie et al.,2013). The most common abiotic stresses are heat, drought, salinity, cold, chemicals, and excess water. But heat and drought are the main abiotic stresses that affect wheat production around in the world (Liu et al., 2016; Kizilgeci et al., 2017). Considering global climate model, the average worldwide temperature is projected to have risen by 6 degrees Celsius by the end of the twenty-one century (De Costa, 2011).
Allelic variations of glutenin subunits and their association with quality traits in bread wheat genotypes
(2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction of the yield and quality traits for five bread wheat varieties commonly grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and 20 advanced lines developed within the framework of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Project. We also determined the allelic pattern of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci of these genotypes and examined whether these loci had an effect on the quality traits. There was a significant variation among the genotypes and environments in terms of grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), and the extensograph dough energy value (EDEV). The results of the study indicated that genotypic effect was more influential on SV and EDEV than environmental effect; thus, both traits could be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with better quality. Twelve different high-molecularweight (HMW) glutenin alleles were identified at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, resulting in 14 allelic combinations, and 17 different alleles were observed in 19 combinations for low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits. Furthermore, among all the genotypes, 13 + 16 and 13 + 19 alleles at Glu-B1 and 5 + 12 at Glu-D1 were observed to have the lowest frequency. Our study indicated that the combinations of HMW glutenin alleles with 2* at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 and 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, and 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, as well as the combinations of LMW alleles with subunits c and d at Glu-A3; subunits d, b, c, and g at Glu-B3; and subunits a and b at Glu-D3 had positive effects on the quality traits.
Allelic variations of glutenin subunits and their association with quality traits in bread wheat genotypes
(Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction of the yield and quality traits for five bread wheat varieties commonly grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and 20 advanced lines developed within the framework of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Project. We also determined the allelic pattern of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci of these genotypes and examined whether these loci had an effect on the quality traits. There was a significant variation among the genotypes and environments in terms of grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), and the extensograph dough energy value (EDEV). The results of the study indicated that genotypic effect was more influential on SV and EDEV than environmental effect; thus, both traits could be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with better quality. Twelve different high-molecularweight (HMW) glutenin alleles were identified at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, resulting in 14 allelic combinations, and 17 different alleles were observed in 19 combinations for low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits. Furthermore, among all the genotypes, 13 + 16 and 13 + 19 alleles at Glu-B1 and 5 + 12 at Glu-D1 were observed to have the lowest frequency. Our study indicated that the combinations of HMW glutenin alleles with 2* at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 and 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, and 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, as well as the combinations of LMW alleles with subunits c and d at Glu-A3; subunits d, b, c, and g at Glu-B3; and subunits a and b at Glu-D3 had positive effects on the quality traits.
Alternaria alternata causing inner black rot of lemon (Citrus limon) fruits in Turkey: Genetic diversity and characterisation
(ScienceDirect, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Fatih Tekin, Tacettin Utku Günen, Göksel Özer
The market sales of symptomless lemons in 2020 revealed a persistent and severe internal black rot with browning of the membrane wall and juice sac. To investigate the causal agent, externally symptom-free lemons from Mediterranean locations were sampled from supermarkets, local markets, and bazaars in three southeastern Turkish provinces. Internal black rot symptoms were observed in 13.69% of the 1300 externally symptomless fruits, and Alternaria was isolated from 96.63% of those exhibiting these symptoms. Morphological analysis confirmed the identity of Alternaria alternata in 26 representative isolates collected from various markets and bazaars. To examine genetic diversity or polymorphisms, start codon targeted (SCoT) markers were used. Species identification was based on the sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1-α), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). SCoT 29 exhibited the highest amount of polymorphic amplicons, with 18 polymorphic bands scored when compared to the other six scoreable markers. The 26 representative isolates from various markets and bazaars were divided into four clades by SCoT 29. However, multilocus sequence analyses confirmed the identification of a single species, A. alternata. In terms of virulence and the impact of temperature on growth, representative isolates from four SCoT clusters were evaluated. Data suggests that SCoT markers can be used to evaluate virulence-based polymorphism in A. alternata; nonetheless, all clades showed comparable temperature responses, with 25 ◦C being the optimum. There was also no association between individual morphotypes and SCoT clade membership. Due to the lack of obvious signs on lemon fruits, producers, merchants, and consumers are unable to identify black rot, and the widespread presence of A. alternata in lemons may pose a significant risk that must be avoided at all costs.
Alternaria spp. causing postharvest decay on apple fruit in Nigde province, Turkey
(2022) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Özden, Mustafa
Postharvest rots caused by Alternaria spp. result from infections occurring in the apple orchard at or before harvest and these may remain quiescent during the growing phase and only result in decay during postharvest cold storage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize Alternaria spp. associated with apple black spot and/ or decay during cold storage in Nigde, Turkey. Isolates of Alternaria spp. were obtained from apple fruit (cvs Fuji, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Red Delicious, and Starking Delicious) with dark, dry, spongy lesions. The symptomatic fruits were sampled from 18 commercial cold storages in the Nigde Province, Turkey, during the 2020/21 storage period. Decayed fruits were transferred to the laboratory for isolation of the fungi from the lesions. In total, 75 Alternaria isolates were characterized morphologically and were differentiated into 5 phenotypic groups based on their colony morphology, and characteristics of their conidiophores and conidia. At least 5 representative isolates were randomly chosen from each group for the pathogenicity tests. All Alternaria spp. isolates caused round, dry, dark, spongy lesions on/in the inoculated fruits and re-isolates from the inoculated apples of each phenotypic groups were similar to the initial isolates of each group in morphological characteristics. Molecular characterization of isolates is in progress. Since mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp. in fruits is of unavoidable risk to human health, special care should be given in regards to the need to reduce widespread postharvest losses caused by Alternaria spp. in the cold storages of Niğde, which is the most important apple producer province of the country.
Amino Acid Profile, Nutrients Content and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes
(Scibulcom Ltd, 2015) Dogan, Y.; Doğan, Yusuf
Chickpea has significant amounts of all the essential amino acids except sulphur-containing types. It was found that chickpea is a rich source of protein and minerals. The experiments were conducted in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications 2013 and 2014 years in South-Eastern Turkey. A total of fifteen varieties, lines and populations were used as materials. In the study were investigated different parameters such as amino acids of protein, seed yield, protein and fat rate in seed, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron contents and of seeds. The essential amino acid leucine (8.43 mg/100 g in 2013 and 8.59 mg/100 g in 2014) was found in highest concentration, followed by lysine (7.14 mg/100 g in 2013 and 7.27 mg/100 g in 2014) and phenylalanine (5.99 mg/100 g in 2013 and 6.07 mg/100 g in 2014) in the chickpea. Mineral composition of chickpea genotypes showed that they contribute sufficient amount of Ca, P, K, Cu, Zn and Mg in human diets to meet the recommended dietary allowance. According to the average of two years, the highest grain yield was obtained from Diyar-95 variety with 1618 kg ha(-1), the lowest grain yield was obtained from M-1 local population with 1104 kg ha(-1).
AMMI Model to Assess Durum Wheat Genotypes in Multi-Environment Trials
(JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2018) Tekdal, S; Kendal, E.
The goal of this research was to assess the stability and yield performance of 150 durum wheat genotypes in multi-environment trials in two locations (Diyarbakir and Kiziltepe), in 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 growing seasons. The trials were designed by Lattice Experimental Design with two replications (incomplete block design). The AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and GEI (GenotypexEnvironment Interaction) analysis were used in the study to estimate GEI effects on grain yield, because of plant breeders' great interest in these models for breeding programs. AMMI evaluation indicated that genotypes made the most important contributions to treatments Sum of Squares (59.8%), environments (3.5%), and GEI (36.7%), respectively, suggesting that grain yield had been affected by environment. IPCA 1 and IPCA 2 axes (Principal Component) were significant as P< 0.01 and explained 63.8 and 36.2%, respectively. Results showed that Kiziltepe 2013 was more stable and high yielding, meanwhile Diyarbakir 2012 and Diyarbakir 2013 environments were unstable and low yielding. According to stability variance, usually the province lines were more productive and stable than some old cultivars and many landraces/genotypes. Moreover, genotype G24 was more effective in all environments. The GEI model according to AMMI analysis suggested that this genotype can be considered as a candidate, due to extensive adaptability and high performances in all environments.
Analysis and Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systems Using Custom Power Devices
(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2018) Hossain, Eklas; Tur, Mehmet Rida; Padmanaban, Sanjeevikumar; Ay, Selim; Khan, Imtiaj
This paper discusses the power quality issues for distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. A thorough discussion about the power quality issues is conducted here. This paper starts with the power quality issues, followed by discussions of basic standards. A comprehensive study of power quality in power systems, including the systems with dc and renewable sources is done in this paper. Power quality monitoring techniques and possible solutions of the power quality issues for the power systems are elaborately studied. Then, we analyze the methods of mitigation of these problems using custom power devices, such as D-STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, TVSS, DVR, etc., for micro grid systems. For renewable energy systems, STATCOM can be a potential choice due to its several advantages, whereas spinning reserve can enhance the power quality in traditional systems. At Last, we study the power quality in dc systems. Simpler arrangement and higher reliability are two main advantages of the dc systems though it faces other power quality issues, such as instability and poor detection of faults.
Analysis of Open Circuit Voltage MPPT Method with Analytical Analysis with Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT Method in PV Systems
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Çakmak, Fevzi; Tür, Mehmet Rıda; Tür, Mehmet Rıda
This study conducts a comprehensive comparison between two prominent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques employed in solar energy systems: the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method and the Analytical Solution Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (ASFOCV) method. To assess the effectiveness of these MPPT approaches, a simulation study was conducted using four SHARP NDQ295 model photovoltaic panels, configured as two panels in series and two in parallel. Both the P&O and ASFOCV MPPT methods were evaluated under various scenarios of radiation levels and temperature changes. The results unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of the ASFOCV MPPT method over the P&O MPPT method. The ASFOCV method notably enhanced converter output power by up to 5% when compared to the P&O method, leading to more efficient energy production. Furthermore, the ASFOCV method exhibited rapid stabilization of output voltage during abrupt weather changes, outperforming the P&O method in this regard. This study underscores the potential of the ASFOCV MPPT method to enhance the efficiency of solar energy systems and its adaptability to fluctuating environmental conditions. Future research endeavors could focus on mitigating the ASFOCV method’s sensitivity to temperature variations and conducting real-world applications to further investigate its performance under practical circumstances.
Analysis of Promising Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Lines Performance by Ammi and Gge Biplot in Multiple Traits and Environment
(Aloki Applied Ecological Research and Forensic inst Ltd, 2019) Kendal, Enver; Kendal, E.; Karaman, M.; Doğan, Serap; Tekdal, S.; Dogan, S.
The development of stable and adaptable new cultivars are based only on positive results obtained from the interaction between the genotype and the environment. Therefore, the study aimed to test the stability and general adaptability of promising barley lines in terms of grain yield and traits in multi -environments. For this purpose, twelve barley genotypes were used in the study. The trials were carried out with four replications in a random design at seven environments in years 2012-13 and 2013-14. The superior and stable genotypes were identified with GGE biplot and AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) models. The AMMI analysis showed that the major treatment sum of squares was affected by environments (80.6%), GE (14.0%) and genotypes (5.4%), respectively. On the other hand, the first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and PCA 2) contributed to the complete interaction with 88.1%, whereas, PCA 3 and PCA 4 axes only with 12.0%. The GGE biplot indicated that G4 is adaptable for all environments, while Altikat, G2 and G3 showed specific adaptation to El, E3 and E5, G6, G7 and G8 to E6, respectively. According to both techniques, G2, G3, G6, G7, G8 and Altikat were the best genotypes with high yield, whereas G4 was the best with high yield, and stable and general adaptation. The results of biplot indicated that G4 (ARUPO /K8755//MORA/3/CERISE/SHYRIHALEL I/4/CANELA/5/HART-BAR) was recommended for release and it was released as HEVSEL in 2017. On the other hand; G7 and G6 were protected as genetic material to use as parent in breeding programs for yield stability and quality respectively.
Analysis of Resource Consumption Accounting by TAS-2 Inventories Standard: An Application in A Manufacturing Company
(Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 2022) Gutnu, Mehmet Murat; Gutnu, Mehmet Murat
TAS-2 inventories standard is based on normal cost method, instead of full costing method. The aim of this study is to examine the Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) method, which has emerged as an important management accounting technique in calculating the idle capacity in recent years, within the framework of TAS- 2 inventories standard. For this purpose, both the normal cost management method based on the TAS-2 inventories standard and the RCA method are applied to a production facility. The findings suggest that the RCA method estimates the idle capacity costs accurately, reliably and realistically as proposed by the standard. Therefore, for businesses that have to apply the standards, the RCA method can be easily integrated within their own systems.
An Analysis of the Relationship between Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR), Money Supply and Inflation Rate in Türkiye
(2023) Bayar, İlyas; Emek, Ömer Fazıl
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the public sector borrowing requirement, inflation rate, and money supply in Türkiye, utilizing yearly data spanning the period from 1975 to 2020. In this study, the authors employ the unit root tests with multiple structural breaks proposed by Zivot and Andrews, Lumsdaine and Papell, as well as the Maki cointegration tests with multiple structural breaks, to analyze the data. Subsequently, the application of the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach was utilized to ascertain the presence of a long-term association between the variables. The results indicate a positive correlation between inflation rates in Türkiye and both the public sector borrowing need and money supply over an extended period of time. Furthermore, a bootstrap causality analysis was undertaken by Hacker and Hatemi in order to investigate the causative relationship between the variables. Based on the findings pertaining to causation, it has been observed that there exists a unidirectional causal relationship from the money supply to inflation, as well as from the public sector borrowing demand to the money supply
The anatomical characteristics of section Aethiopis (Lamiaceae) from Southeast, Turkey and their taxonomic implications
(Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022) Mungan Kılıç, Fatma; Kılıç, Murat
In this study, 4 Salvia species found in the Aethiopis section distributed in the province of Mardin in the Southeast of Turkey between the years 2018-2021 were analyzed comparatively in terms of anatomy. Transverse sections taken from the roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the taxa were examined under a light microscope. S. brachyantha ssp. brachyantha, S. montbretii, S. palaestina, and S. syriaca taxa were analyzed anatomically. S. montbretii and S. syriaca species were analyzed in detail for the first time anatomically. In the anatomical examinations, it was observed that the root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar, but the shapes and sizes, in addition to the tissue layer and pith row numbers, were different. As a result, anatomical characters provide important information in the differentiation of species.
The anatomical properties of Salvia section (Lamiaceae) in central district of Mardin (Turkey) and their taxonomic implications
(Journal of advanced research in natural and applied sciences (Online), 2022) Mungan Kılıç, Fatma; Mungan Kılıç, Fatma
In this study, 4 Salvia species found in the Salvia section distributed in the Artuklu district of Mardin province were analyzed comparatively in terms of anatomy. Plant specimens of Salvia section were collected from 11 localities. Anatomical studies were performed on specimens preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse sections taken from the roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the species were examined under a light microscope for anatomical examination. The anatomy of S. bracteata, S. macrochlamys, S. suffruticosa, S. trichoclada species were examined. The S. suffruticosa species was examined in detail for the first time anatomically. The data obtained as a result of the researches were compared with the previous studies on the Salvia section. In anatomical examinations, it was observed that the root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar but shapes and measurements in addition to this the number of tissue layers and pith rows are different. Also anatomically analyses, it has been seen that hairiness formed a difference between some species. As a result of all these discussed data, the anatomical characters such as number of ray rows in root, number of collenchyma layers in stem, mesophyll structures in leaves, shape of midrib and number of vascular bundles in petiole, provide important taxonomic information.

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