Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/201

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Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 3
Amino Acid Profile, Nutrients Content and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes
(Scibulcom Ltd, 2015) Dogan, Y.; Doğan, Yusuf; 06.02. Department of Plant Protection / Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 06. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies in Kızıltepe / Kızıltepe Tarım Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Chickpea has significant amounts of all the essential amino acids except sulphur-containing types. It was found that chickpea is a rich source of protein and minerals. The experiments were conducted in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications 2013 and 2014 years in South-Eastern Turkey. A total of fifteen varieties, lines and populations were used as materials. In the study were investigated different parameters such as amino acids of protein, seed yield, protein and fat rate in seed, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron contents and of seeds. The essential amino acid leucine (8.43 mg/100 g in 2013 and 8.59 mg/100 g in 2014) was found in highest concentration, followed by lysine (7.14 mg/100 g in 2013 and 7.27 mg/100 g in 2014) and phenylalanine (5.99 mg/100 g in 2013 and 6.07 mg/100 g in 2014) in the chickpea. Mineral composition of chickpea genotypes showed that they contribute sufficient amount of Ca, P, K, Cu, Zn and Mg in human diets to meet the recommended dietary allowance. According to the average of two years, the highest grain yield was obtained from Diyar-95 variety with 1618 kg ha(-1), the lowest grain yield was obtained from M-1 local population with 1104 kg ha(-1).
The Anatomical Surveys on the Two Salvia L. Species (Sect. Hymenosphace, Sect. Hemisphace) Spreading in Mardin (Turkey)
(Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022) Kılıç, Murat; Mungan Kılıç, Fatma
In this study, we investigated two Salvia species (sect. Hymenosphace, sect. Hemisphace) distributed in the province of Mardin in the Southeastern Anatolia Region in terms of anatomy. These species are S. multicaulis Vahl. (sect. Hymenosphace) and S. russellii Benth. (sect. Hemisphace). For anatomical investigation, cross-sections taken from roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the taxa were examined under a light microscope. In anatomical examinations, it was observed that root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar but shapes and measurements as well as the the number of tissue layers and pith rows were different. In addition, it was observed that the surface of the S. multicaulis species was covered by multicellular and compound hairs. In conclusion, anatomical characters provide information of taxonomic importance, and especially hairiness is important in species differentiation.
Bazı fakültatif buğday genotiplerinin farklı çevrelere tepkileri
(Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021) Erdemci, İrfan; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Karaman, Mehmet
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fakültatif gelişme tabiatına sahip ekmeklik buğdaygenotiplerin farklı çevrelerde verim ve kalite özelliklerin belirlenmesidir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 2014-2015 yetiştirme sezonunda yağışa dayalışartlarda 25 ekmeklik buğday genotipi (20 ileri hat ve 5 standart çeşit) ile Diyarbakırve Muş lokasyonlarında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalıolarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çeşit ve hatların tane verimi ile bazı kalite (bintane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, zeleny sedimantasyon ve yaş gluten)özellikleri incelenmiştir.Araştırma Bulguları: Birleştirilmiş varyans analizinde, genotip, çevre ve bunlarınetkileşim (genotip × çevre) etkileri, incelenen özelliklerden bin tane ve hektolitreağırlığı hariç diğer tüm özellikler için oldukça anlamlıydı. Ancak genotip-çevreetkileşiminin etkisi incelenen tüm parametreler açısından genotip ve çevreye göredaha küçük boyuttaydı. Diyarbakır lokasyonu incelenen kalite parametreleri için öneçıkarken, Muş lokasyonu tane verimi yönünde öne çıkmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmada, G17 genotipi her iki test ortamında da en yüksek tane veriminesahipti ve verim açısından en kararlıydı. G11 ve G21 genotipleri kalite parametreleriaçısından ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu genotiplerin gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarındaebeveyn olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and some yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum l.)
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2017) Togay, Necat; Togay, Yeşim; Doğan, Yusuf
The experiment was conducted to determine the relationship among yield and some yield components using correlation and path coefficient analysis. This study was performed under Mardin conditions the years of 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. Fifteen bread wheat varieties were used in the experiments. The randomised complete blocks design with 3 replications was used. The characteristics such as plant height, spike height, numbers of seed per spike, seed yield, harvest index, biological yield and 1000 seed weight were investigated in the study. Positive and statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships were determined between seed yield, spike height, numbers of seed per spike, biological yield and harvest index. According to path coefficient analysis, there were strong direct effects of the biological yield and harvest index on the seed yield, p = 0.53549 and 0.548321, respectively. The results of this study indicate that numbers of seed per spike, biological yield and harvest index affected seed yield and it was concluded that these characters should be considered as significant selection criteria in wheat breeding for yield under the regional conditions of southeast Turkey. © 2017, Scibulcom Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect Of Hmw And Lmw Glutenın Alleles On Qualıty Traıts Of Bread Wheat
(Genetika, 2020) Aktaş , Hüsnü; Şener, Okan
This study was performed to investigate impact of HMW and LMW glutenin alleles on quality traits of bread wheat cultivars. Fifteen bread wheat varieties were used for field trails during 2012-13 and 2013-14 under irrigated conditions of Diyarbakir and Mardin locations, Turkey. We investigated the quality of varieties that have same HMW-GS (High molecular weight subunits) and different LMW-GS (Low molecular weight subunits) or vice versa. Results indicated that GluA3-c > d > e, GluB3-g > b' = i, and GluD3-b = c > a for LMW-GS, and GluB1-7+8 > GluB1-17+18; GluD1-5+10 > GluD1-2+12 for HMW-GS have higher extensograph dough energy, extensibility, resistance, also higher farinograph stability time, gluten index and grain hardness values. The overall evaluation of the results obtained from this study demonstrated that GluA1-1 or 2*, GluB1-7+8 and GluD1-5+10 for HMW glutenin alleles and GluA3-d, GluB3-g and b, GluD3-c for LMW glutenin alleles are associated with a strong gluten structure and accordingly selection of lines harboring these alleles can contribute to the development of genotypes with high quality in wheat breeding programs.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Effects of chemical, organic and microbial fertilization on agronomical growth parameters, seed yield and chemical composition of chickpea
(POLISH SOCIETY MAGNESIUM RESEARCH, 2023) Doğan, Serap; Çığ, Fatih
Because of its valuable nutritional content, chickpea is expected to become the most important crop for the increasingly larger global population. Therefore, this research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of microbial (Bacillus-GC group, Pseudomonas tetraodonis and Brevibacillus choshinensis), organic (vermicompost and chicken manure) and chemical (DAP/2 ve DAP) fertilizer applications on yield and nutritient content of two different chickpea cultivars (Arda and Azkan). The experiment was laid out according to a randomized complete split-block design with three replications. The results expressed as the average values of two-year experiments projected that the application of chicken manure significantly improved the morphological traits of chickpea plants compared to the other treatments, while the highest phosphorus content was recorded after the application of farm manure. Additionally, the highest grain yield from both cultivars was obtained owing to the application of chicken manure. Apart from this effect, other microbial applications also played a positive role in plant growth and production, but chicken manure excelled in this respect. Thus, it has been concluded that chicken manure could be used as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizer for chickpea culti vation in order to create a sustainable agricultural system, increase productivity and protect and improve soil properties.
Effects of Humic Acid and Phosphorus Applications on Nutrient Composition of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medic.)
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2016) Togay, Y.; Dogan, Y.; Togay, N.; Doğan, Yusuf; 06.02. Department of Plant Protection / Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 06. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies in Kızıltepe / Kızıltepe Tarım Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is an important food crop with high protein content. This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing doses of phosphorus and humic acid applications on P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, protein ratio and seed yield in lentil cultivar. The study was carried out in the research and application during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 cropping seasons in field of Agriculture Faculty Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. The experiment comprised a factorial randomised complete block design replicated three times with three phosphorus treatments 0, 40 and 80 kg ha–1, as triple superphosphate, and three humic acid treatments 0, 300 and 600 kg ha–1. For basic fertilisation 40 kg ha–1 ammonium sulphate were applied for nitrogen. The nutrient contents of seed and yield were significantly increased by increasing phosphorus and humic acid levels except for Zn content nutrient. The combination between phosphorus at 80 kg P2O5 ha–1 and humic acid at 600 kg ha–1 gave the highest growth and production as well as minerals composition (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn) and protein content compared to other treatments. Humic acid increased the availability of phosphors, macronutrients and micronutrients. © 2016, Scibulcom Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Effects of Zno Nanoparticules Produced by Green Synthesis on Germination and Seedling Of Salvia Officinalis L. Seeds
(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2021) Gunes, Zubeyir; Toncer, Ozlem; Eren, Abdullah
Nanotechnology is a research subject in many interdisciplinary engineering fields today. Nanoparticles have important effects on seed germination and seedling growth of plants. The aim of this study has been to produce a 54.68 nm-sized ZnO nanoparticle obtained from the Nigella sativa L. plant by green synthesis. The effect of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on germination of plant seeds and seedling growth was investigated. The trial was set up under controlled conditions and conducted for 14 days according to a factorial trial design with 5 replications for each dose (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg ZnO NP kg-1). As a result of ZnO NP application in different doses, germination of Salvia officinalis L. seeds varied between 90-94%, stem length was 1.86-2.92 cm and shoot length was between 1.01-1.98 cm. The highest root and shoot length was obtained after the application of 2.5 mg ZnO kg-1 NP. In the light of the results, ZnO nanoparticles are thought to be useful for seed development and agricultural applications.
Evaluation Of Bread And Einkorn Wheat Under in Vıtro Drought stress
(The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2017) Aslan, Didem; Aktaş , Hüsnü; Ordu, Bülent; Zencirci, Nüsret
The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of bread and einkorn wheat genotypes under in vitro conditionsagainst drought stress during germination. Twelve bread and ten einkorn wheat genotypes were used as plant material and sevendrought stress levels were appliedbased ona three-replicate factorial restricted randomized block design in order to investigate their effects on germination rate (GR), germinating power (GP), coleoptile length (CL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot root length ratio (SRLR), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), and root fresh dry weight ratio (RFDWR) during the year 2014-2015. PEG–6000 was used toevaluate the effect of drought stress under in vitro conditions on the wheat genotypes.The values of all traits were decreasedbytheincreased effect ofPEG levels (p≤ 0.05).The results of the variance analysisshowedthat thegenotypeshadsignificant statistical differences for theexaminedtraits under drought stress(p < 0.05).According to theresults of theGGE biplot analysis, of the total variation between the genotypes and traits investigated under drought stress (75.97%), PC1and PC2 represented51.51% and 24.47%, respectively. In addition, einkorn wheat populationswerelocated inthesector of GR, GP, and SRL,which means that these populations had agreater performance for these traits under drought stress conditions.Bread wheat and einkorn genotypes behaved differently for the traits under drought stress. It is considered that the results of the field and in vivo experiments for cold and drought stresswill contribute toproducingreliable suggestions.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Factors influencing adaptation of innovations in small ruminant production in the TRC3 Region in Turkey
(Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2021) Acıbuca, Veysi; Bostan Budak, Dilan
This study investigated the socio-economic factors affecting the adoption of innovation in small ruminant production in TRC3 region in Turkey. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 366 small ruminant farmers from the region. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect main data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descritive statistics, t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Results of the study showed that the farmers had a mean age of 45,8 years and 97,0% were male. Traditional production was dominant among the small ruminant producers and as the number of animal increases the income increases (p< 0,01). Out of twelve independent variables, eight of them were statistically significant on multiple linear regression analysis. The F-statistics was statistically significant at 1% level on communication behavior and animal health practices; 5% level on age, breeding reasons, milking way, produced products and fold type. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) value was estimated to be 0,470 this implies that 47,0% of total variation in the output of small ruminant production was accounted for by the independent variables that were fitted into the model. The main problems of small ruminant production were high feed prices, high deaths of lamps/goat, insufficient use of pastures because of security problems and lack of shepherd due to young people unwillingness to live in rural areas
Citation - Scopus: 5
First report of Globisporangium heterothallicum causing root and crown rot of pepper in Turkey
(New Disease Reports, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman
Turkey is the world's third-largest producer of pepper (Capsicum annuum), annually cultivating over 90,000 ha and producing over half a million tonnes of fruit. In 2019, wilting and death of c. 20% of plants were observed in pepper fields in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey (Fig. 1). Severe root and crown rot symptoms with discoloration were observed on affected plants, and necrotic lesions expanded rapidly into the stems which killed the plant (Fig. 2).
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 2
Nutrient Status and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) as Influence by Application of Different Harvest Timing and Sulphur Fertiliser
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2015) Dogan, Y.; Togay, N.; Togay, Y.; Doğan, Yusuf; 06.02. Department of Plant Protection / Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 06. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies in Kızıltepe / Kızıltepe Tarım Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The objectives of this research were to study the effect of harvesting time and sulphur levels on the yield, protein and mineral nutritional value of chickpea seeds. Three different harvesting times (early, on-time and late) and four sulphur levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha–1) were used. Yield, protein ratio and mineral nutritional value of chickpea were significantly affected by sulphur and harvest timing. The highest grain yields according to the harvest time were obtained from on-time harvest with 1527 and 1434 kg ha–1 for the first and second years, respectively. The lowest grain yields were obtained from the control plots, whereas the highest values were obtained from the plots given 60 kg ha–1 sulphur. Generally, protein, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and manganese concentrations of the seeds in on-time harvest and 60 kg ha–1 sulphur aplication were found to be greater than in early and late harvested plants. Positive significant relationships were found between harvest time and protein (r = 0.64**), Fe (r = 0.75**) and Zn (r = 0.27*). Positive significant relationships were found between sulphur doses and grain yield (r = 0.44*), protein (r = 0.26*), P (r = 0.71**), K (r = 0.73**), Ca (r = 0.36**), Mg (r = 0.76*), Zn (r = 0.57) and S (r = 0.96*). © 2015, Scibulcom Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Stripe Rust Partial Resistance Increases Spring Bread Wheat Yield in South-eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Zencirci, Nusret
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the most serious disease of wheat globally including south-eastern Anatolia of Turkey, where wheat originated. In this study, 12 spring wheat genotypes were artificially inoculated and preserved in two locations, Diyarbakr and Adyaman, during the 2011-2012 season to investigate loss in yield and yield components. Genotypes were evaluated at the adult plant stage using two partial resistance parameters: final disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). AUDPC ranged from 14.8 to 860 in Diyarbakr, and 74 to 760 in Adyaman. Yield loss ranged from 0.6 to 68.5% in Diyarbakr and 9.8 to 56.8% in Adyaman. Genotypes G1, G5, G7 and G8 were found to lose less yield, while higher yield loss was observed in G3, G4 (Nurkent), G5 and G9 (Karacada-98). The highest loss in thousand kernel weight was observed in a susceptible cultivar Karacada-98 in Diyarbakr followed by 43.4 and 24.4% in Adyaman. Test weight loss reached 8.89% in Diyarbakr and 20.8% in Adyaman. Yield loss and AUDPC had a positive significant relationship. Based on the values of AUDPC, final disease severity and yield loss, three major clusters were formed for 12 wheat genotypes. Partially resistant genotypes were found to lose less grain yield and seemed to be stronger against severe stripe rust pressure.
Stripe Rust Partial Resistance Increases Spring Bread Wheat Yield in South-eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(Journal of Phytopathology, 2016) Aktaş , Hüsnü; Zencirci, Nüsret
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the most serious disease of wheat globally including south-eastern Anatolia of Turkey, where wheat originated. In this study, 12 spring wheat genotypes were artificially inoculated and preserved in two locations, Diyarbakır and Adıyaman, during the 2011–2012 season to investigate loss in yield and yield components. Genotypes were evaluated at the adult plant stage using two partial resistance parameters: final disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). AUDPC ranged from 14.8 to 860 in Diyarbakır, and 74 to 760 in Adıyaman. Yield loss ranged from 0.6 to 68.5% in Diyarbakır and 9.8 to 56.8% in Adıyaman. Genotypes G1, G5, G7 and G8 were found to lose less yield, while higher yield loss was observed in G3, G4 (Nurkent), G5 and G9 (Karacada g-98). The highest loss in thousand kernel weight was observed in a susceptible cultivar Karacada g-98 in Diyarbakır followed by 43.4 and 24.4% in Adıyaman. Test weight loss reached 8.89% in Diyarbakır and 20.8% in Adıyaman. Yield loss and AUDPC had a positive significant relationship. Based on the values of AUDPC, final disease severity and yield loss, three major clusters were formed for 12 wheat genotypes. Partially resistant genotypes were found to lose less grain yield and seemed to be stronger against severe stripe rust pressure.
Türkiye’de Yoğun Ekim Alanına Sahip Bazı Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Çeşitlerinin Destek Sulamalı ve Yağışa Dayalı Koşullarda Değerlendirilmesi
(2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü
Bu çalışma Türkiye'de tescilli 10 arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşidinin tane verimi ve bazı agronomik karakterlerinin, yağışa dayalı ve destek sulamalı koşullarda araştırılması amacıyla 2011-12 ve 2012-13 yetiştirme sezonlarında Diyarbakır'ın Çınar ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, dört tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler varyans analizi ve GGE-biplot yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan arpa çeşitleri aynı zamanda kuraklığa dayanıklılık parametreleri bakımından da değerlendirilmiştir. İki yıllık ortalamalara göre çeşitlerin destek sulu koşullardaki tane verimi (417 - 578 kg/da), yağışa dayalı koşullarda (281 391 kg/da) arasında değişirken; sulu ve yağışa dayalı koşullardaki ortalama değerler sırasıyla, bin tane ağırlığı için 41 g ve 38 g, hektolitre ağırlığı için 68 kg/hl ve 62 kg/hl ve m2'de başak sayısı için 513 adet/m2 ile 367 adet/m2 olarak kaydedilmiştir. GGE-biplot analizi sonuçlarına göre ise tane verimi bakımından G3 ve G5 en stabil çeşitler olarak belirlenmiştir. Sulu ve yağışa dayalı koşullardaki iki yılın ortalama verilerine göre tane verimi açısından G3, G9, G5 ve G10 en yüksek değerlere (sulu koşular: 578; 533; 520; 550 kg/da, yağışa dayalı şartlar: 363; 365; 391 ve 363 kg/da) sahip çeşitler olarak belirlenmiştir. GGE biplot sonuçlarına göre G9 yağışa dayalı şartlara, G3 ise sulu koşullara uygun çeşitler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kurağa dayanıklılık parametrelerinden olan YI (Yield index; Verim indeksi) ile yağışa dayalı şartlardaki verim (Ys) ile ilişkili bulunurken, bu parametrenin kuraklığa tolerant çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği öngörülmüştür. Diğer kurağa dayanıklılık parametrelerinden HM (Harmonic Mean; Harmonik ortalama), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity; Geometrik Ortalama Verim), STI (Stress tolerance index; Stres Tolerant İndeks) ve MP (Mean productivity; Ortalama verimlilik) ve TOL (Tolerans) parametreleri ise sulu koşullarda verim ile ilişkili bulunmuş, bu yüzden sulu koşullara uygun genotiplerin belirlenmesinde bu parametrelerinin kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 1
Vegetative Compatibility and Virulence Diversity of Verticillium Dahliae from Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Plantations in Turkey and Evaluation of Okra Landraces for Resistance to V. Dahliae
(Tech Science Press, 2020) Tok, Fatih M.; Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, Halit
Forty-four V. dahliae isolates were collected from symptomatic vascular tissues of okra plants each from a different field in eight provinces located in the eastern Mediterranean and western Anatolia regions of Turkey during 20062009. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of V. dahliae from okra were used to determine heterokaryosis and genetic relatedness among isolates. All isolates from okra plants were grouped into two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) (1 and 2) and three subgroups as 1A (13.6%, 6/44), 2A (20.5%, 9/44) and 2B (65.9%, 29/44) according to international criteria. Pathogenicity tests were performed on a susceptible local okra (A. esculentus) landrace in greenhouse conditions. All isolates from VCG1A and VCG2B induced defoliation (D) and partial defoliation (PD) symptoms, respectively. Other isolates from VCG2A gave rise to typical leaf chlorosis symptoms without defoliation. The obtained data showed that the virulence level of V. dahliae isolates from okra was related to their VCG belongings. Eighteen okra landraces from diverse geographical origins were screened for resistance to VCG2B and VCG1A of V. dahliae. The results indicated that all landraces were more susceptible to highly virulent VCG1A-D pathotype displaying D or PD symptoms depending on their susceptibility levels with a mean disease severity index of 3.52 than to less virulent VCG2B-PD pathotype of V dahliae displaying PD and ND symptoms with a mean disease severity index of 2.52. Significant differences were observed among the landraces; however, none of them exhibited a level of resistance. Okra landraces; corum, Hatay Has and Sanhurfa displayed the lowest level of susceptibility or little tolerance to both D and PD pathotypes. VCG2B of PD was prevailing in the surveyed areas and VCG1A of D was the most virulent of the VCGs identified. Introduction of resistant genotypes to Turkish okra germplasm from different sources and breeding new resistant okra cultivars are critical for the sustainability of okra production.

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