Toprak, Lokman

Toprak, Lokman

Job Title

Prof. Dr.

Email Address

lokmantoprak@artuklu.edu.tr

Main Affiliation

Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts / Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları Bölümü

Scholarly Output

30

Articles

12

Citation Count

4

Supervised Theses

4 Scholarly Output Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 12

Biyojen Aminlerin Gıda Kalitesi ve Güvenliği açısından önemi
(ANADOLU I. ULUSLARARASI MULTİDİSİPLİNER ÇALIŞMALAR KONGRESİ 28-29 Aralık 2018 – DİYARBAKIR TAM METİN KİTABI, 2018) Gürbüz, Semra; Çelikel Güngör, Aslı; Toprak, Lokman
Biyojen aminler çoğunlukla amino asitlerin mikrobiyel dekarboksilasyonu sonucu oluşan düşük molekül ağırlıklı organik bazlardır. Gıdalarda bulunan başlıca biyojen aminler histamin, putresin, kadaverin, tiramin, triptamin, 2- feniletilamin, spermin, spermidin ve agmatindir. Gıdalarda biyojen aminlerin oluşumu; ham madde kalitesi, gıdanın fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri, depolama, dağıtım, üretim ve işleme koşulları, dekarboksilaz pozitif mikroorganizmaların mevcudiyeti, serbest amino asit varlığı gibi çok sayıda faktöre bağlıdır. Bu bileşiklerin yüksek miktarlarının tüketimi insanlarda toksik etkiye ve nadiren de ölümlere yol açabilmektedir. Biyojen aminler gıdanın hijyenik kalitesini göstermesi ve tüketimleri neticesinde oluşan toksik etkileri nedeniyle gıda güvenliği açısından önem taşımaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, gıdalardaki biyojen aminlerin varlığının gıda güvenliği açısından önemi ile tüketici sağlığı açısından oluşturabileceği problemlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
TRADITIONAL FOOD OF MARDIN: DRIED GOAT MEAT
(The 4th International Symposium on “Traditional Foods from Adriatic to Caucasus” 19-21 April 2018 Abstract Book, 2018) Gürbüz, Semra; Çelikel , Aslı; Toprak, Lokman; Toprak, Lokman
Goat meat is a preferred meat type because of its low fat content and nutritive properties. It has a species specific flavor and aroma, which is different from lamb meat, and is the main component of some of the meals in the traditional cuisine of a significant part of the Mediterranean basin countries. In the Southeastern Anatolia region, the goat meat is widely consumed for centuries in Mardin province either directly or as a component of the meals. Dried goat meat is prepared from the rib cage of the animals between January and February when the air temperature and humidity are very low. After slaughtering, the chest of the goat is divided into 2-3 pieces and the meat on the ribs is incised and salted and kept overnight in a basin. Then the salted meat pieces are hanged to the hooks with ropes in an empty room or in open air by avoiding from sun light for drying. Drying process is completed within 5-10 days depending on the weather conditions and meat thickness. Drying process is continued until the meat becomes hard like wood. Dried meat is traditionally stored in the bulgur. Nowadays, storage in deep freezer has become more prevalent due to the widespread use of freezers. Another way of preserving the dried goat meat is to store in brine. The ried meat product, which is kept as dry or in brine, is left in the water overnight to remove excesssalt as well as to soften it before consumption. Although dried goat meat was widely consumed until last 15-20 years, today demand for this meat is gradually falling. Determination of the effect of drying process on the microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of dried goat meat will contribute to the protection, publicity and sustainable production of this traditional meat product.
Peyniraltı suyu tozunun yenilebilir film Üretiminde Kullanımı
(2018) Çelikel Güngör, Aslı; Gürbüz, Semra; Akın, Mutlu Buket; Toprak, Lokman
Due to the change in living standards, consumption habits have also changed and people have turned to consume more packaged foods. In general, packaging waste constitutes 20% total wastes. Food industry ranks second in industrial waste quantities. Thus, various studies are carried out on the production of edible packaging in order to reduce the amount of packaging waste in the food industry. With the help of edible film coating method, the amount of environmental waste may be decreased due to the thinner plastic material in the outer surface of the food. In addition, edible film coating gives the food extra functional properties. The carbohydrate, protein and fat-based compounds used in the production of edible film are effective on the properties of film and the quality of the final product. Whey is one of the products of cheese production technology. According to the Turkish Food Codex, the powder product which is obtained by removing the water from the whey and the moisture content of the final product is not more than 5% by weight is called whey powder. Whey containing micro and macro proteins which contains about 20% of milk proteins, enhances importance of nutrient value of this product. Today, whey powder is used in food industry as a food additive. Whey protein powder in the food industry could be in different forms according to the amount of protein such as Whey protein powder, whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate are in the forms such as. In this study, the properties of edible films that contains whey powder which has a high nutritional value recent studies have been compiled.
Mardin’in UNESCO Yaratıcı Şehirler Ağında “Gastronomi Kenti” Olabilirliğine İlişkin Paydaş Görüşleri
(Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy S tudies, 2017) Gürbüz, Semra; Özaltaş Serçek, Gülseren; Toprak, Lokman; Toprak, Lokman
Çalışma, Mardin’de turizm konusunda faaliyet gösteren kamu kurumları, akademi, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve özel sektör temsilcilerinin katılımı ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak önceden hazırlanan 17 soru hakkında görüş ve bilgilerin alınması yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre; katılımcılar arasında Mardin mutfağının son derece zengin olduğu, turizm faaliyetlerinin çeşitlendirilmesi kapsamında bu zenginliğin ön plana çıkarılması konusunda bir fikir birliği bulunduğu, UNESCO-Yaratıcı Şehirler Ağı konusunda sadece bir paydaşın detaylı bilgi sahibi olduğu, Mardin’de Gastronomi turizmi konusundaki çalışmaların bireysel olarak yapılanlarla sınırlı olduğu, geniş kapsamlı ve planlı ileriye yönelik çalışmaların yeterli olmadığı ve bu çalışmaları yönlendirme konusunda bir kurum veya girişimin ön plana çıkmadığı bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. Mardin’de UNESCO-Yaratıcı Şehirler Ağı girişimine üye olarak ya da çeşitli fon kaynakları ile yürütülecek çabalarla Gastronomi Turizmi alanında kısa sürede önemli ilerleme sağlanmasına yönelik potansiyel bulunmakta olduğu ve bunun akademi ya da ilgili kurum ve kuruluşları yönlendirebilecek bir kurum önderliğinde gerçekleştirilecek planlamalar ile kısa sürede gerçekleştirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
GASTRONOMIC TOURISM (CULINARY TOURISM) AND TRADITIONAL FOODS: MARDIN
(4 th International Conference on Engineerg and Natural Science, 2-6 May 2018, Abstract Book, 2018) Çelikel, Aslı; Akın, Mutlu Buket; Gürbüz, Semra; Toprak, Lokman; Toprak, Lokman
Gastronomic tourism can be described as the trips made by tourists to experience local food and beverages. Because as it is thought that approximately one in four of the tourism expenses devote to food and beverage spending, gastronomic tourism is an important source of income for the people of the region. At this point, gastronomic tourism plays an important role in increasing the demand for some tourism attraction centers and in creating new attraction centers. In recent years, geographical indications in our country for traditional food, which is the most important compound of gastronomic tourism, have increased. Geographical indications encourage traditional production and the preservation of the tastes of local food and beverage. Mardin, which is one of the important touristic places of our country with its rich cultural structure and historical places, is among the provinces that has the priority in terms of gastronomic tourism according to the 2014 TUSAD report. Although there are more than 40 regional dishes in Mardin, where many different religions and people live together, only 5 of them have geographical indications. These are Mardin rib fills, Mardin kibe, Mardin sembusek, Mardin ikbebet and Mardin imlebes (almond candy). At this point, the introduction of other regional tastes unique to Mardin will contribute to the expansion of traditional food production and the improvement of gastronomy tourism. In this study, traditional foods and beverages in Mardin province were investigated.
SAĞLIK VE BESLENME AÇISINDAN BAL
(ANADOLU I. ULUSLARARASI MULTİDİSİPLİNER ÇALIŞMALAR KONGRESİ 28-29 Aralık 2018 – DİYARBAKIR TAM METİN KİTABI, 2018) Gürbüz, Semra; Toprak, Lokman
Honey is a natural food that has been known and consumed by people for thousands of years. Honey is composed of a large number of macro and micro components such as carbohydrates, water, enzymes, proteins, hormones, vitamins, organic and amino acids, phenolic compounds, pollen particles, essential oils, sterols. The physical and chemical composition of honey varies according to the botanical origin, the region where it is produced and the practical applications. In addition to the high nutritional value, it has been found from the studies that honey has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticancer effects. It was aimed to assess the importance of honey in terms of nutrition and health in this study.
Yiyecek-İçecek İşletmelerinde HACCP Sisteminin Uygulanmasının Önündeki Engeller: Mardin Örneği
(Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 2019) Gürbüz, Semra; Çelikel Güngör, Aslı; Arık Yüksel, Tuğba; İflazoğlu, Nurhayat; Toprak, Lokman; Toprak, Lokman
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Mardin'deki yiyecek-içecek işletmecilerinde HACCP sistemi uygulamasında ortaya çıkan sorunları ve HACCP sistemine sahip olmayan işletmelerde sistemin uygulanmamasının nedenlerini belirlemektir. Çalışma Mardin’deki toplam 87 yiyecek–içecek işletmesi temsilcisi ile anket uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; işletmelerin %20.7’sinde HACCP sistemi bulunmaktadır. Bu işletmelerin %38.9’u danışmanlık alacak kurum veya kişi bulamamalarını sistemi uygularken karşılaştıkları başlıca zorluk olarak belirtmektedir. İşletmelerinde HACCP sistemi bulunmayan 69 katılımcının %91.3’ü işletmelerinde gıda güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik bir sistemin gerekli olduğunu ve %87.0’si sistemin kurulamamasındaki başlıca nedenin HACCP sistemi konusundaki bilgi eksikliği olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ülkemizde gıda güvenliğini sağlama konusunda yasal düzenlemeler bulunmakla birlikte, bu çalışma sonuçları uygulamada eksiklikler olduğunu ve bu eksikliklerin özellikle eğitim ve danışmanlık ihtiyacı konularında yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. Gıda güvenliği konusundaki yetkili otoritelerce gıda güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik sistemlerin kurulması konusundaki eğitim çalışmalarına önem verilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Implementation of HACCP in Food and Beverage Businesses in Mardin
(1. INTERNATIONAL GAP AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK CONGRESS 25-27 April 2018 – Abstract Book, 2018) Gürbüz, Semra; Çelikel, Aslı; Arık Yüksel, Tuğba; Toprak, Lokman; Toprak, Lokman
The purpose of this study was to determine the application level of HACCP implementation and to determine barriers for HACCP implementation in food and beverage businesses in Mardin. In the study, a total of 87 catering managers (hotels, restaurants, kebab shops, fast food restaurants, patisseries, cafes) were interviewed face to face in Mardin province. A questionnaire was used to determine whether or not they had a HACCP system, the level of knowledge they have about the system, problems encountered in HACCP practices and the benefits of implementation. Of the total 87 businesses, 18 (20.6%) were found to have the HACCP system and 69 (79.3%) did not. However, it has been determined that 72.4% of the managers think it is important to have a system of food safety. The 32.6% of the managers implementing HACCP systems have reported that the system provide order and discipline in the employees. Businesses that do not apply HACCP have reported that the main difficulties concerning the system were the insufficient information on the HACCP system (47.6%) and inadequate support guidelines and the complexity of implementation (38.9%). The results of this study have shown that the number of businesses that implement HACCP is extremely small and that efforts to develop models that will increase the level of implementation should be made.
Yerel Yemekler: Mardin Örneği
(ANADOLU I. ULUSLARARASI MULTİDİSİPLİNER ÇALIŞMALAR KONGRESİ 28-29 Aralık 2018 – DİYARBAKIR TAM METİN KİTABI, 2018) Toprak, Lokman; Çelikel Güngör, Aslı; Gürbüz, Semra; Toprak, Lokman
Behavioral patterns vary from one society to another. The culture that has been intertwined with the society has a structure that covers life as a whole. The values created by humans that vary from fun to funeral ceremonies, from eating and drinking to creating literary works, are called culture. Moreover, getting hungry and eating to eliminate hunger are both biochemical phenomena, whereas the time and the style of eliminating this hunger are anthropological and cultural issues. Mardin that has been home to many cultures for a long time throughout history has a rich food culture. The food culture is one of the most important means of providing the cultural values of the community, including the preparation of the material of a meal, the whole of cooking and presentation stages. The diversity in the culture of food becomes concrete with social differences. These differences are identified with details such as; consumption of tea and coffee, traditional dishes consumed in the region, breakfast culture, meat meal habits, meal rules and tableware, the importance given to feasts, the habit of entering the kitchen and making food at home, the use of spices, the consumption of beverages, the consumption of bread and preparation of winter products. In addition to these details, the varieties of the ingredients used in the meals give information about the characteristics of the food culture. Twenty participants interviewed through which the values and characteristics of Mardin food culture were tried to be determined. In this study, twenty questions were asked and the values and characteristics of Mardin food culture were tried to be determined.
MARDİN GELENEKSEL YEMEKLERİ VE BU YEMEKLERDE KULLANILAN GIDA MADDELERİ
(ZEUGMA I. ULUSLARARASI MULTİDİSİPLİNER ÇALIŞMALAR KONGRESİ 13-16 Eylül 2018 TAM METİN KİTABI, 2018) Toprak, Lokman; Çelikel Güngör, Aslı; Gürbüz, Semra; Toprak, Lokman
Mardin region, which has preserved its importance throughout the history of humanity, is a center of historical trade routes and network of cultural relations. The culture that is intertwined with the society has a structure that includes life as a whole. From festivity to funerals, from eating and drinking habits to presenting literary artifacts, all of the values human created are called culture. Components of culture such as love, hate, beliefs, taboos are linked to the stages of production, consumption and preparation of food which is from the habits of human beings. For these reasons, food culture is one of the most important cultural codes of society. Many people living in and around Mardin earn their livelihoods from the production of fruits, vegetables, grains and from animal husbandry. This is effective in the formation of dietary cultures. In the study, face to face interviews were conducted with twenty women who cook Mardin regional dishes and foodstuffs which are an important role in the food culture were examined according to the interviews results. Forty-four local products were identified in the negotiations. It has been determined that sheep meat is preferred more compared to the other kind of meat products, and the consumption of rice in the cereal products is preferred less than the consumption of bulgur. It has also been observed that the consumption of spices in the region is widespread.