El-‘UKBERÎ’NÎN ET-TİBYÂN FΠΑRÂBİ’L-KUR’ÂN’INIDA KÛFE DİL EKOLÜNE YAPTIĞI İTİRAZLAR
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Date
2019
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Abstract
Hicri altıncı yüzyılın son yarısı ile yedinci yüzyılın başlarında
yaşamış olan Ebûl-Bekâ el-‘Ukberi, Bağdat’ta dönemin seçkin
âlimlerinden dil ve gramer derslerini almıştır. Kaynaklarda en-Nahvî elLuğevî el-Faradî gibi lakaplarla anılan el’Ukberi, Arap dili ve grameri
başta olmak üzere pek çok ilim dalında dönemin âlimleri tarafından
asrının teki ve imamı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bütün hayatını ilme
adamış ve çeşitli ilim dallarında eser telîf etmiş olan el-‘Ukberî, özellikle
nahiv, sarf, lugat edebiyat ve i’râba dair pek çok değerli eserleri ortaya
koymuştur.
el-‘Ukberi’ye en büyük şöhreti kazandıran eseri, i’râbu’l-Kur’ân’a
dair kaleme almış olduğu et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân adlı tefsiridir. Onun
bu eseri, dilciler ve müfessirler tarafından büyük bir ilgi görmüş ve
kendisinden sonra i’râbu’l-Kur’ân’a dair eser yazmış olan bütün
müellifler için temel kaynak olmuştur. Bu eserinde Kur’ân’ın bütün
âyetlerini i’râb eden el-‘Ukberi, eserinin muhtelif yerlerinde dil ve
gramerle ilgili birçok konuda dilcilere itiraz etmiştir. Onun bu
itirazlarına Ebû ‘Ubeyde, el-Muberrid, el-Ferrâ, el-Kisâî, en-Nahhâs ve
ez-Zamaşerî gibi dil ve gramerin önde gelen âlimleri maruz kaldığı gibi
Basra ile Kûfe dil ekolleri de bu itirazlardan nasibini almıştır. Ancak bu
itirazlardan en büyük payı ise, Kûfe dil ekolü almıştır.
Bu çalışmada el-‘Ukberi’nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında kısa
bilgiler verilmiştir. Onun et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinde Kûfe dil
ekolüne yönelik nahiv ve sarf dair yaptığı itirazlar geniş bir şekilde ele
alınıp tahlil edilmiştir. el-‘Ukberi’nin bu itirazlarına konu olan meseleler, ilgili kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler ışığında detaylı bir şekilde
ele alınıp tartışılmış ve onlar hakkında gerekli değerlendirmeler
yapılmıştır. Onun bu meselelerle ilgili ortaya koyduğu görüş ve
tercihler, Basralıların onlara dair görüş ve tercihleriyle büyük oranda
örtüştüğü görülmüştür
Ebü’l-Beka el-‘Ukberi who lived in the last half of the hijri sixth century and at the beginning of seventh century received the language and grammar lessons from the period’s distinguished scholars in Bagdad. el-‘Ukberi who is mentioned with cognomen such as en-Nahvi, el-Luğevi and el-Faradi in the sources was accepted as his century’s unique and imam one by the period’s scholars, related to many sciences especially such as Arabic language and grammar. el-‘Ukberi who devoted all his life to the science and wrote the work in the various sciences revealed several valuable works especially about the syntax, grammar, dictionary, literature and clean speech. The work which gives the greatest reputation to el-‘Ukberi is his interpretation in the name of et-Tibyan fi i’rabi’l Kuran that he wrote it about i’rabu’l-Kuran. His work attracted attention by the linguists and glossators and it became the main resource for all the further authors who wrote a work about i’rabu’l-Kuran. el-’Ukberi who revealed all the verses of Quran in his work opposed to the linguists about many manners related to the language and grammar in his work’s various parts. Basra and Kufe language cults had their share from these oppositions as the pioneer scholars such as Ebû ‘Ubeyde, el-Muberred, el-Ferrâ, el-Kisâî, en-Nahhâs and ez-Zamaşerî were exposed to them. However, Kufe language cult had the greatest share from the oppositions. In the study, the brief information was givej about el-‘Ukberi’s life and works. His oppositions against the syntax and grammar related to language cult in his work in the name of et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân were widely considered and reviewed. The issues which were subject to his oppositions were considered and discussed in details in the light of information in the relevant resources and the necessary evaluation was made about them. It was seen that his opinions and preferences related to these matters correspond highly to the opinions and preferences of those from Basra.
Ebü’l-Beka el-‘Ukberi who lived in the last half of the hijri sixth century and at the beginning of seventh century received the language and grammar lessons from the period’s distinguished scholars in Bagdad. el-‘Ukberi who is mentioned with cognomen such as en-Nahvi, el-Luğevi and el-Faradi in the sources was accepted as his century’s unique and imam one by the period’s scholars, related to many sciences especially such as Arabic language and grammar. el-‘Ukberi who devoted all his life to the science and wrote the work in the various sciences revealed several valuable works especially about the syntax, grammar, dictionary, literature and clean speech. The work which gives the greatest reputation to el-‘Ukberi is his interpretation in the name of et-Tibyan fi i’rabi’l Kuran that he wrote it about i’rabu’l-Kuran. His work attracted attention by the linguists and glossators and it became the main resource for all the further authors who wrote a work about i’rabu’l-Kuran. el-’Ukberi who revealed all the verses of Quran in his work opposed to the linguists about many manners related to the language and grammar in his work’s various parts. Basra and Kufe language cults had their share from these oppositions as the pioneer scholars such as Ebû ‘Ubeyde, el-Muberred, el-Ferrâ, el-Kisâî, en-Nahhâs and ez-Zamaşerî were exposed to them. However, Kufe language cult had the greatest share from the oppositions. In the study, the brief information was givej about el-‘Ukberi’s life and works. His oppositions against the syntax and grammar related to language cult in his work in the name of et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân were widely considered and reviewed. The issues which were subject to his oppositions were considered and discussed in details in the light of information in the relevant resources and the necessary evaluation was made about them. It was seen that his opinions and preferences related to these matters correspond highly to the opinions and preferences of those from Basra.
Description
ORCID
Keywords
el-‘Ukberî, Kûfeliler, İtiraz, Nahiv, Sarf, el-‘Ukberî, Those from Kufe, Opposition, Syntax, Grammar.
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Turkish Studies
Volume
14
Issue
4
Start Page
741
End Page
757