Şiî Müfessirlerin Muvâfakât-ı Ömer Örneklerine Yaklaşımı
Date
2018
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Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi
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Abstract
Kur’ân âyetlerinin nüzûlü ile ilgili olayların bilinmesi, onun doğru anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayan unsurlardan biridir. “Muvâfakât-ı Ömer” olarak isimlendirilen örnekler de Kur’ân’ın nüzûlü ile alakalı olduğundan, ilgili âyetlerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Hz. Ömer’in muvafakat örneklerinden kastedilen, onun “Rabbim’e üç şeyde muvafık oldum” gibi ifadelerinin akabinde zikrettiği hususlardır. Onun, Rabbine muvafakatı, hükmüne uygun görüş beyan etmesi demektir. Bu durum en büyük faziletlerinden ve hayatının en önemli kesitlerinden sayılmaktadır. Muvâfakât-ı Ömer ile ilgili varit olmuş bazı rivayetler, birçok muvafakat hadisesinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Hz. Ömer’in Makâm-ı İbrahim’in namazgâh edinilmesi talebi, Peygamber eşlerinin örtünmelerini arzulaması ve Peygamber eşlerine Hz. Peygamber’i rahatsız etmeleri durumunda Allah’ın onların yerine daha iyilerini eş kılacağı ifadesi üzerine inen âyetler bu kabilden olan örneklerdir. “Muvâfakât-ı Ömer” konusuyla ilgili bazı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak bu çalışmalar genel olarak Sünnî kaynaklar çerçevesinde olmuştur. Bu araştırmada Sünnî kaynaklarda yer verilen “Muvâfakât-ı Ömer” örneklerinin, Şîa tefsir kaynaklarında ele alınış tarzı üzerinde durulmuştur. Dolayısıyla araştırma Muvâfakât-ı Ömer’in Şîa tefsir kaynaklarında ele alınış biçiminin kritiğidir.
Knowing the occasions related to the revelation of the Qur'ānic verses is one of the factors contributing to its correct understanding. Since the examples named as "Umar's Muwāfaqāt" (corcurrences of Umar’s perception with certain divine revelatio) is related to the occasion of Qur'ān's revelation, they also contribute to the understanding of the related verses. ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt instances refers here to the subject mentioned after his expression of "I agreed with my Lord in three things." His agreement with His Lord is that he delivered an anticipating opinion, appropriate to God’s provision. This is considered to be of the great virtues of ‘Umar and of the most important sections of his life. Some narrated reports of ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt shows that there were many occasions of agreement. Of these instances, the verses that come upon his request that Abraham’s Maqām is taken as a place of prayer and the Prophet’s wives to veil as well as his statement to the Prophet’s wives that God will grant him better wives than them if they give trouble to the Prophet. There have been conducted a number of studies on the subject of ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt. However, these studies are generally framed by Sunnī sources. This study focuses on the way in which the instances of “‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt" included in the Sunni sources are discussed in the sources of Shi’a tafsir. Therefore, the study is the critique of the way that ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt is handled in Shia tafsir sources.
Knowing the occasions related to the revelation of the Qur'ānic verses is one of the factors contributing to its correct understanding. Since the examples named as "Umar's Muwāfaqāt" (corcurrences of Umar’s perception with certain divine revelatio) is related to the occasion of Qur'ān's revelation, they also contribute to the understanding of the related verses. ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt instances refers here to the subject mentioned after his expression of "I agreed with my Lord in three things." His agreement with His Lord is that he delivered an anticipating opinion, appropriate to God’s provision. This is considered to be of the great virtues of ‘Umar and of the most important sections of his life. Some narrated reports of ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt shows that there were many occasions of agreement. Of these instances, the verses that come upon his request that Abraham’s Maqām is taken as a place of prayer and the Prophet’s wives to veil as well as his statement to the Prophet’s wives that God will grant him better wives than them if they give trouble to the Prophet. There have been conducted a number of studies on the subject of ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt. However, these studies are generally framed by Sunnī sources. This study focuses on the way in which the instances of “‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt" included in the Sunni sources are discussed in the sources of Shi’a tafsir. Therefore, the study is the critique of the way that ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt is handled in Shia tafsir sources.
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Keywords
Tefsir, Şiî, Sünnî, Ömer, Muvâfakât-ı Ömer., Tafsir, Shiʿī, Sunnī, ‘Umar, ‘Umar's Muwāfaqāt.
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Source
Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi
Volume
22
Issue
1
Start Page
571
End Page
596