Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Triticale Based on Ammi and Gge Biplot Analysis

Abstract

This study examined the effects of nitrogen doses rate on grain yield (GY) and yield components of spring triticale (xTritico secale) cultivars in dry area, based on cultivars plus cultivar x nitrogen doses interaction GGE biplot and AMMI analysis. The research was designed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1) of N) on the grain yield and agronomic performance of two cultivars in two growing seasons (2015-16/2016-17). Split plot layout with in randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in both years. The response to fertilization levels were evaluated through GGE (Genotype main effects and Genotype x Environment interaction) biplot graphic methodologies and regression. Combined analysis of variance of nitrogen applications of two cultivars showed highly significant (p < 0.01) difference between the cultivars, nitrogen applications and interaction. The grain yield of triticale was most of all affected by cultivars (70.8%) and then by nitrogen doses (23.5%) and interaction (5.7%). On the other hand, the study showed that plant height, number of spikes per m(2), number of grain of ears and grain yield increased depending on the increasing nitrogen doses of the cultivars. The highest performance of grain yield of both cultivars were associated with nitrogen N-3 (120 kg/ha) fertilization in regression and AMMI analysis. The results showed that 80 kg/ha N application can be recommended in triticale traits and grain yield with Esin (new) cultivar. Further more, we found that the GGE biplot method generated highly useful results with high visual quality in the study.