Eğitim yönetiminde baskı grupları: Yerel aktörler
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Date
2019
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Açık sistemler olan okullar toplumun her kesimi ile doğrudan veya dolaylı temas halindedir. Bu durum okulun çevresel unsurların etkisi altında kalmasına, okul yönetiminin karar süreçlerine ve genel olarak eğitim işleyişine yön verebilmektedir. Okuldan beklentisi bulunanların isteklerinin her zaman gerçekleştirilmesi mümkün olmadığından okul üzerinde baskı gruplarının olumsuz etkilerinden kaynaklanan sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Okula, okul yöneticilerine ve öğretmenlere yönelik gelişen çevresel baskılar ile eğitim faaliyetlerini yerine getirme mücadelesi arasında sıkışan okullarda amaçların gerçekleştirilmesi güçleşebilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, okul-çevre ilişkileri bağlamında baskı gruplarının okula yansımalarını bir okul müdürünün yaşadığı deneyimlere dayalı olarak betimlemektir. Çalışmanın önemi ise okul müdürleri ile okul yönetimine etki eden baskı grupları arasındaki ilişkileri çok boyutlu olarak ele almasıdır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden anlatı araştırması deseninde yürütülmüş, veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşme soruları için üç uzmandan görüş/öneri alınmış ve sorulara son şekli verilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler edimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilerek katılımcının deneyimlerine ilişkin anlatıları kronolojik bütünlük içinde yeniden hikayeleştirilmiş ve tema (hikaye)-alt hikayelere göre düzenlenerek sunulmuştur. Verilerin analizi sonucunda okul yönetimine etki eden baskı gruplarının (a) aileler, (b) bürokratlar ve yerel yöneticiler, (c) ticari yapılar, (d) aşiret ve kanaat önderleri, (e) sendikalar, (f) öğretmenler ve diğer okul yöneticileri, (g) yerel basın, (h) siyasi parti temsilcileri olduğu; baskı gruplarının okuldan taleplerinin (a) personel ve öğrenci işlerine yönelik, (b) ticari beklentiler, reklam ve tanıtım yapma (c) üye kazanma olduğu; başa çıkılamayan taleplerin okul müdüründe (a) mesleki ve kişilik olarak özsaygı kaybı yaşama, (b) sinmişlik, kırgınlık, vazgeçiş, (c) yetersiz hissetme, (d) çaresiz hissetme, (e) dışlanmışlık, (f) mesleki idealizmin kaybolması gibi duygular oluşturduğu; okul müdürünün kendisine gelen taleplerde (a) kabul etme, (b) görmezden gelme ve kaçınma, (c) diplomatça bir üst makama yönlendirme, (d) ikna etme yoluna gitme ve (e) reddetme gibi stratejiler izlediği tespit edilmiştir. Okul müdürü baskı gruplarıyla ilişkilerde (a) okul müdürünün yetkilerinin artırılması, (b) okulun mali açıdan üst yönetim tarafından desteklenmesi, (c) öğretmeni koruyacak yasal düzenlemeler yapılması, (d) öğretmen haberleri konusunda basının daha duyarlı davranması, (e) yöneticilere yönelik şikayetlerde mutlaka nesnel ve somut kriterler aranması gibi öneriler sunmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen genel sonuca göre ise okulun ve okul yöneticilerinin çevresel baskı unsurlarından yüksek düzeyde etkilendiği, baskı gruplarının okulun amaçlarını gerçekleştirmesinde zorluk meydana getirdiği tespit edilmiştir.
As open systems, schools are in direct or indirect contact with all segments of society. This situation can led the schools to be under the influence of its environmental elements, and guide the decision-making processes of the school administration and the education process in general. As it is not always possible to satisfy the expectations of environmental segments, problems causing from the negative effects of pressure groups on schools can arise. It can get difficult to accomplish the educational objectives when the schools stuck between environmental pressures towards school, school administrators, teachers and struggle to carry out the educational activities. The aim of the study is to determine the reflections of pressure groups on school based on the experiences of a school principal in the context of school-environment relations. The importance of the study is that the relationship between school principals and pressure groups on school management is taken up multidimensionally. This qualitative study was conducted in narrative inquiry method and semi-structured interview technique was used as a data collection tool. The questions to be used in the interview were finalized after sharing with three different experts and receiving their opinions/suggestions. The obtained data were analyzed by performative analyzing technique and the participants' narratives based on his experiences were re-narrated in chronological unity and then presented by creating themes (narratives) and subthemes (sub-narratives). As a result of the data analysis, it has been found out that; the pressure groups affecting the school administration are (a) families, (b) bureaucrats and local governors (c) commercial structures, (d) tribal and opinion leaders, (e) trade unions, (f) teachers and other school administrators, (g) local press (h) the representatives of the political parties; the demands of the pressure groups from the school are (a) aimed at staff and student affairs, (b) commercial expectations and advertising - promotion, (c) recruitment; pressure groups create feelings of (a) loss of self-esteem in terms of profession and personality, (b) disdain, resentment, renunciation, (c) inadequacy, (d) desperation, (e) exclusion, (f) loss of professional idealism. The school principal was found to follow strategies such as (a) accepting, (b) ignoring and avoiding, (c) referring to a higher authority, (d) persuading and (e) refusing, School principal's solution proposals are; (a) enhancing the authority of the school principal, (b) supporting the school financially by the central administration, (c) making legal arrangements to protect the teacher, (d) more sensitive the press in point of the teacher news, (e) searching necessarily for objective and concrete criteria in case of any complaint. According to the general results obtained from the study, it was found out that the school and school administrators were highly affected by the environmental pressures and the pressure groups caused difficulties for schools in accomplishing the educational objectives.
As open systems, schools are in direct or indirect contact with all segments of society. This situation can led the schools to be under the influence of its environmental elements, and guide the decision-making processes of the school administration and the education process in general. As it is not always possible to satisfy the expectations of environmental segments, problems causing from the negative effects of pressure groups on schools can arise. It can get difficult to accomplish the educational objectives when the schools stuck between environmental pressures towards school, school administrators, teachers and struggle to carry out the educational activities. The aim of the study is to determine the reflections of pressure groups on school based on the experiences of a school principal in the context of school-environment relations. The importance of the study is that the relationship between school principals and pressure groups on school management is taken up multidimensionally. This qualitative study was conducted in narrative inquiry method and semi-structured interview technique was used as a data collection tool. The questions to be used in the interview were finalized after sharing with three different experts and receiving their opinions/suggestions. The obtained data were analyzed by performative analyzing technique and the participants' narratives based on his experiences were re-narrated in chronological unity and then presented by creating themes (narratives) and subthemes (sub-narratives). As a result of the data analysis, it has been found out that; the pressure groups affecting the school administration are (a) families, (b) bureaucrats and local governors (c) commercial structures, (d) tribal and opinion leaders, (e) trade unions, (f) teachers and other school administrators, (g) local press (h) the representatives of the political parties; the demands of the pressure groups from the school are (a) aimed at staff and student affairs, (b) commercial expectations and advertising - promotion, (c) recruitment; pressure groups create feelings of (a) loss of self-esteem in terms of profession and personality, (b) disdain, resentment, renunciation, (c) inadequacy, (d) desperation, (e) exclusion, (f) loss of professional idealism. The school principal was found to follow strategies such as (a) accepting, (b) ignoring and avoiding, (c) referring to a higher authority, (d) persuading and (e) refusing, School principal's solution proposals are; (a) enhancing the authority of the school principal, (b) supporting the school financially by the central administration, (c) making legal arrangements to protect the teacher, (d) more sensitive the press in point of the teacher news, (e) searching necessarily for objective and concrete criteria in case of any complaint. According to the general results obtained from the study, it was found out that the school and school administrators were highly affected by the environmental pressures and the pressure groups caused difficulties for schools in accomplishing the educational objectives.
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Keywords
Eğitim ve Öğretim, Education and Training, Baskı grupları, Pressure groups, Baskıcılık, Oppression, Baskınlık, Dominance, Eğitim, Education, Eğitim yönetimi, Educational administration, Müdürler, Directors, Okul yöneticileri, School administrators, Okul yönetimi, School administration, Okul-çevre ilişkisi, School-environment cooperation
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114