Konaklama İşletmelerinde Kriz Yönetimi; Mardin İli Örneği
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2025
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Turizm sektörü, dünya çapında hızla büyüyen ve giderek daha fazla insana hitap eden bir endüstridir. Küreselleşme ile, turizm sektörü büyük bir ivme kazanmış olsa da bu gelişme beraberinde önemli tehditleri de getirmektedir. Özellikle çevresel, ekonomik ve kültürel faktörler, sektörü olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek riskler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu tehditler, sürdürülebilir turizm anlayışı ve etkin yönetim stratejilerinin önemini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Turizm sektörü içersin de yer alan konaklama işletmeleri, krizlerden yüksek düzeyde etkilenen işletmelerdir. Konaklama işletmelerinin kriz öncesinde krizlerin tahmin edilebilmesine yönelik yapılan stratejiler, kriz anlarında örgüt içi planlamalar ve krizi aşabilmek için izlenen stratejilerle yakalamaya çalıştıkları başarılar, son yıllarda oldukça fazla gündeme gelmektedir. Konaklama işletmesi yöneticilerinin, izleyecekleri kriz yönetim stratejileri ve planlamaları, krizlerin meydana getirdiği tehditlerin fırsata dönüştürülmesi açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. 2015-2016 yıllarında yaşanan terör olayları neticesinde Mardin ilinin sınıra yakın olması, bölgede turizm faaliyetlerinin olumsuz yönde etkilenmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, turizm sektöründe etkili olan krizlerin konaklama işletmeleri üzerindeki etkilerini, krizden en az zararla kurtulmak için izlenen yolları ve kriz sonrası edinilen deneyimlerle gelecekteki olası krizlere karşı yapılan stratejik planlamaları ortaya koymaktır. Bu nedenle, Mardin il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren üç adet beş yıldızlı otel işletmesinin yöneticileriyle nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak araştırma verileri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve analiz sonucunda ise 63 kod ile 4 ana tema belirlenmiştir. Bu temalar; kriz nedenleri, kriz öncesi yönetimi, kriz anı yönetimi ve kriz sonrası yönetimine yönelik temalardır. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda, işletme yöneticilerine ve iş verenlerine çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
The tourism sector is a rapidly growing industry worldwide that appeals to more and more people. Although the tourism sector has gained great momentum with globalization, this development also brings with it important threats. Environmental, economic and cultural factors in particular are among the risks that can negatively affect the sector. These threats increase the importance of sustainable tourism understanding and effective management strategies every day. Accommodation businesses within the tourism sector are businesses that are highly affected by crises. The strategies that accommodation businesses have made to predict crises before the crisis, the internal planning during the crisis and the successes they have tried to achieve with the strategies they have followed to overcome the crisis have been on the agenda quite a lot in recent years. The crisis management strategies and plans that accommodation business managers will follow are very important in terms of turning the threats created by crises into opportunities. As a result of the terrorist attacks in 2015-2016, the proximity of Mardin province to the border has caused tourism activities in the region to be negatively affected. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of crises in the tourism sector on accommodation establishments, the paths followed to overcome the crisis with the least damage and the strategic plans made against possible future crises with the experiences gained after the crisis. For this reason, research data were collected using the semi-structured interview technique from qualitative research methods with the managers of three five-star hotels operating in the city center of Mardin. The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and content analysis methods and as a result of the analysis, 4 main themes were determined with 63 codes. These themes are; crisis reasons, pre-crisis management, crisis management and post-crisis management. In line with the research findings, various suggestions were made to business managers and employers.
The tourism sector is a rapidly growing industry worldwide that appeals to more and more people. Although the tourism sector has gained great momentum with globalization, this development also brings with it important threats. Environmental, economic and cultural factors in particular are among the risks that can negatively affect the sector. These threats increase the importance of sustainable tourism understanding and effective management strategies every day. Accommodation businesses within the tourism sector are businesses that are highly affected by crises. The strategies that accommodation businesses have made to predict crises before the crisis, the internal planning during the crisis and the successes they have tried to achieve with the strategies they have followed to overcome the crisis have been on the agenda quite a lot in recent years. The crisis management strategies and plans that accommodation business managers will follow are very important in terms of turning the threats created by crises into opportunities. As a result of the terrorist attacks in 2015-2016, the proximity of Mardin province to the border has caused tourism activities in the region to be negatively affected. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of crises in the tourism sector on accommodation establishments, the paths followed to overcome the crisis with the least damage and the strategic plans made against possible future crises with the experiences gained after the crisis. For this reason, research data were collected using the semi-structured interview technique from qualitative research methods with the managers of three five-star hotels operating in the city center of Mardin. The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and content analysis methods and as a result of the analysis, 4 main themes were determined with 63 codes. These themes are; crisis reasons, pre-crisis management, crisis management and post-crisis management. In line with the research findings, various suggestions were made to business managers and employers.
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Turizm, Kriz, Kriz Yönetimi, Tourism, Crisis, Crisis Management
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103