MİRZA AĞAHAN-I KİRMANÎ’NİN KASİDESİNDE İTTİHAD-I İSLAM SÖYLEMİ VE SULTAN II. ABDÜLHAMİD

Abstract

In the intellectual history of Iran, Mirza Aga Khan Kirmanî has been one of the fiercest advocates of Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s idea of Panislamism during his years in Istanbul along with other figures such as Sayyid Jamaluddin Afghani and Sheikh Ahmad Ruhi. We can see the influence of the Sultan Abdul Hamid II in particular and the Eastern politics of Ottomans in general in his thoughts and Ode. Besides being known as one of the reformers of Persian Literature of Qajar and Constitutional era, he is also accepted as a significant thinker and writer of Iranian constitutionalism amongst Mirza Malkom Khan, Zayn al-Abidin Maraghi, Ahundov, Talibov and other clerics and disciples. He was a literary criticist who simultaneously pursued a multi-faceted political life which would even lead to a political crisis between the Ottomans and the Iranians. Similar thoughts onPanislamism, Kirmanî’s political odes inscribed to Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his relations with the Ottomans constitute a significant place in the modern history of Turkey.