Evaluation of growth, yield, quality and physiological parameters of eleven Australian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown under the ecological condition of Diyarbakir, Turkey

Abstract

Wheat cultivars generally show significant differences for grain yield, quality and physiological parameters under different environmental conditions. Thus it is crucial to assess the performance of bread wheat genotypes collected from different origins for domestication for a specific ecologic conditions and also to develop high yield as well as stress tolerant cultivars. In the context, the study was carried out under the ecological condition of Diyarbakır in Turkey during 2014-2015 growing season. In the present research, three Turkish origin bread wheat cultivars such as 'Pehlivan', 'Ceyhan 99' and 'Seri 2013' and eleven bread wheat of Australian origin such as 'LPB 08-1799', 'Eagle Rock', 'Magenta', 'Emu Rock', 'Wyalkatchem', 'Young', 'Calingiri', 'Yitpi', 'Corack', 'Envoy' and 'Mace' were used as experimental plant material. Data on grain yield, grain hardness, plant height, test weight, thousand kernel weight, wet gluten, protein content, zeleny sedimentation, starch content, normalized differences vegetative index, SPAD, leaf area index and canopy temperature were investigated in the study. After evaluation, it was found that all recorded traits of fourteen wheat bread cultivars were changed according to cultivars under the ecological conditions of Diyarbakir-Turkey. However, genotypes which were Australian origin performed the best than Turkish origin. Among the genotypes, the maximum values for grain yield, quality and physiological parameters were recorded for cultivar, 'Mace' (for grain yield) and 'Young' (for quality traits). Therefore, cultivars which were Australian origin can be grown and also may be used in the breeding programs to develop wheat cultivars to cultivate under the Diyarbakir ecological conditions of Turkey. Wheat cultivars generally show significant differences for grain yield, quality and physiological parameters under different environmental conditions. Thus it is crucial to assess the performance of bread wheat genotypes collected from different origins for domestication for a specific ecologic conditions and also to develop high yield as well as stress tolerant cultivars. In the context, the study was carried out under the ecological condition of Diyarbakır in Turkey during 2014-2015 growing season. In the present research, three Turkish origin bread wheat cultivars such as 'Pehlivan', 'Ceyhan 99' and 'Seri 2013' and eleven bread wheat of Australian origin such as 'LPB 08-1799', 'Eagle Rock', 'Magenta', 'Emu Rock', 'Wyalkatchem', 'Young', 'Calingiri', 'Yitpi', 'Corack', 'Envoy' and 'Mace' were used as experimental plant material. Data on grain yield, grain hardness, plant height, test weight, thousand kernel weight, wet gluten, protein content, zeleny sedimentation, starch content, normalized differences vegetative index, SPAD, leaf area index and canopy temperature were investigated in the study. After evaluation, it was found that all recorded traits of fourteen wheat bread cultivars were changed according to cultivars under the ecological conditions of Diyarbakir-Turkey. However, genotypes which were Australian origin performed the best than Turkish origin. Among the genotypes, the maximum values for grain yield, quality and physiological parameters were recorded for cultivar, 'Mace' (for grain yield) and 'Young' (for quality traits). Therefore, cultivars which were Australian origin can be grown and also may be used in the breeding programs to develop wheat cultivars to cultivate under the Diyarbakir ecological conditions of Turkey.