THE CHURCH OF VIRGIN AT AMIDA AND THE MARTYRIUM AT CONSTANTIA: TWO MONUMENTAL CENTRALISED CHURCHES IN LATE ANTIQUE NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA
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Date
2013
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MERSIN UNIV PUBL RES CENTER CILICIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
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Abstract
Geç Antik Dönemde Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun doğu kenarında yer alan
Kuzey Mezopotamya, Edessa (Urfa), Anastasiopolis (Dara), Amida (Diyarbakır),
Martryropolis (Silvan), Constantia (Viranşehir) and Nisibis (Nusaybin) gibi önemli şehirlere sahipti. Bu şehirler oldukça zengin ve kozmopolitlerdi. Bunun sonucunda
bölgenin, Bizans imparatorluğunun diğer taraflarındaki mimariden aşağı kalmayan sofistike bir mimarisi vardı. Bu makale Kuzey Mezopotamya’da yer alan
iki merkezi planlı kilise ile ilgilidir. Bunlar Amida’daki Meryem Ana kilisesi ve
Constantia’daki Sekizgen’dir. Önce aisled-tetraconch olarak bilinen ve merkezde
ve dışarda dört nişli bir organizasyondan oluşan bir planı olan ve İmparatorluğun
diğer bölgelerinde paralel örnekleri bulunan Meryem Ana Kilisesine, daha sonra
bazı ünik özellikler göstermekle birlikte ambulatuar, doğu tarafında uzunlamasına
bir oda, malzeme kullanımı ve anıtsallık gibi özellikleriyle Amida’daki Meryem
Ana kilisesi ile benzerlikler gösteren Constantia’daki Sekizgene odaklanılacaktır.
Bu makale daha önce birlikte düşünülmemiş bu iki yapıyı aynı bağlamda ele
alarak, ihmal edilmiş bu yapıların rekonstrüksyonlarını, tarihlendirmelerini, kime
adandıklarını ve muhtemel prototiplerini değerlendirmektedir.
Late Antique Northern Mesopotamia, which was situated at the eastern edge of the Byzantine Empire, was dotted with important cities such as Edessa (Urfa), Anastasiopolis (Dara), Amida (Diyarbakir), Martryropolis (Silvan), Constantia (Viransehir) and Nisibis (Nusaybin). These cities were wealthy and highly cosmopolitan. As a result, the region had a sophisticated architecture which was by no means inferior to that found in other parts of the Byzantine Empire. This article deals with two monumental centralised churches in Northern Mesopotamia, namely the Church of the Virgin at Amida and the Octagon at Constantia. It concentrates firstly on the Church of the Virgin, which is an aisled-tetraconch church, a familiar plan type repeated in different parts of the Empire, and secondly on the Octagon at Constantia which has some unique features but shares the ambulatory design, long eastern chamber, use of materials and the monumentality with the aisled-tetraconch at Amida. By contextualising these two churches together, which has not been done in the past, this paper sheds further light on these neglected structures and reconsiders their reconstructions, dating, dedications and possible prototypes.
Late Antique Northern Mesopotamia, which was situated at the eastern edge of the Byzantine Empire, was dotted with important cities such as Edessa (Urfa), Anastasiopolis (Dara), Amida (Diyarbakir), Martryropolis (Silvan), Constantia (Viransehir) and Nisibis (Nusaybin). These cities were wealthy and highly cosmopolitan. As a result, the region had a sophisticated architecture which was by no means inferior to that found in other parts of the Byzantine Empire. This article deals with two monumental centralised churches in Northern Mesopotamia, namely the Church of the Virgin at Amida and the Octagon at Constantia. It concentrates firstly on the Church of the Virgin, which is an aisled-tetraconch church, a familiar plan type repeated in different parts of the Empire, and secondly on the Octagon at Constantia which has some unique features but shares the ambulatory design, long eastern chamber, use of materials and the monumentality with the aisled-tetraconch at Amida. By contextualising these two churches together, which has not been done in the past, this paper sheds further light on these neglected structures and reconsiders their reconstructions, dating, dedications and possible prototypes.
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Keywords
Northern Mesopotamia, Late Antiquity, Church, Architecture, Amida, Constantia
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Source
OLBA
Volume
21
Issue
Start Page
405
End Page
435