Yapının ikiliğinden ontolojik suç ortaklığına: A. Giddens ve P. Bourdieu
Date
2019
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Sosyal teorinin tarihine baktığımızda; 'birey'/'toplum' veya 'eylem'/'yapı' düalizmlerinin sosyal bilimcileri iki ayrı kutba ayırdığını görmekteyiz. Sosyolojinin düşünce nesnesi olan sosyal olguya dair pozitivist paradigmanın getirdiği yapı-toplum endeksli açıklama ve hermeneutik geleneğin getirmiş olduğu birey-eylem izahatları, bu düalizmin içindeki görüngülerdir. Comte, Spencer ve Durkheim'ın temellerini attıkları ve Parsons tarafından çerçeve kazandırılan Amerikan İşlevselciliği 1970'lere kadar sosyolojide hakim paradigma iken başta toplumsal hareketler olmak üzere yaşanan toplumsal değişimlerle, pozitivist hegemonyaya karşı bireyin failliğinin esas alındığı sembolik etkileşimcilik ve etnometodoloji gibi hermeneutik paradigmalar sosyal teoride yerini almaya başlamıştır. Gelinen bu noktada bu iki kutuplu durum bize sosyal olguya dair çeşitli açıklamalar sağlarken, sosyal olguya dair gerçekliğin bilgisinin 'ne' olduğu problemini de doğurmuştur. Bu problem aynı zamanda hem ontolojik hem de epistemolojik soruları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Avrupa Sosyolojisindeki çağdaş gelişmeleri ele aldığımızda; Giddens ve Bourdieu'nün pozitivist ve hermeneutikparadigmaların doğurduğu düalizmleri kendi geliştirdikleri kavramsallaştırmalarla aşmaya çalıştıkları ve pek çok noktada benzer şeyler söylediklerini görürüz. Giddens'ın 'yapılaşma kuramı' ile Bourdieu'nün ortaya koymuş olduğu "habitus ve alan arasındaki ontolojik suç ortaklığı"na dayanan genetik yapısalcılık bir arada ele alındığında, bu açıklama repertuarlarının 'pratiklerin üretimi ve yeniden-üretimi'ni vurguladıkları ve nesnel koşullarla öznenin anlam dünyası arasında diyalektik bir ilişkiyi savundukları görülecektir. Bu kavramsal çerçeveler ve tartışmalar etrafında sosyal teorideki yapı-eylem düalizmini ve Giddens ile Bourdieu'nün açıklayıcı repertuarlarını ortaya koymak araştırmamızın amacını teşkil etmektedir.
When it is looked at the social theory, it can be seen that the dualism of 'individual-society' or 'action-personality' divides the social scientists in two groups. Action-personality based on explanation which is brought up by positivist paradigm regarding social phenomenon being the notional subject of sociology and the explanations of individual-action which are brought up hermeneutic tradition are the phenomenon in this dualism. While the American functionalism was the dominating paradigm until 1970s, which was founded by Comte, Spenser and Durkheim and was developed by Parsons, symbolic interaction which is based on the doer of individual against positivist hegemony and hermeneutic paradigms like ethnomethodology started to take place in social theory with the social changes. At this point, while this bipolar situation supplies us variant explanations based on social phenomenon, it also bears the problem of what is the knowledge of reality. At the same time, this problem causes both ontological and epistemological questions. When we handle with contemporary developments in European Sociology, we can see that Giddens and Bourdieu try to overcome the dualism brought by positivist and hermeneutic paradigms with the help of conceptualizations developed by themselves. When Giddens' theory of formation and Bourdieu's concept 'ontological partnership in crime between habitus and area' are handled, it can be seen that these explanation repertoires emphasize ' the production and reproduction of practices' and defend a dialectic relationship between objective circumstances and the subject's sense of world. Around these conceptual frames and arguments, this study aims to introduce the action-personality dualism in social theory and the explanatory repertoires of Giddens and Bourdieu.
When it is looked at the social theory, it can be seen that the dualism of 'individual-society' or 'action-personality' divides the social scientists in two groups. Action-personality based on explanation which is brought up by positivist paradigm regarding social phenomenon being the notional subject of sociology and the explanations of individual-action which are brought up hermeneutic tradition are the phenomenon in this dualism. While the American functionalism was the dominating paradigm until 1970s, which was founded by Comte, Spenser and Durkheim and was developed by Parsons, symbolic interaction which is based on the doer of individual against positivist hegemony and hermeneutic paradigms like ethnomethodology started to take place in social theory with the social changes. At this point, while this bipolar situation supplies us variant explanations based on social phenomenon, it also bears the problem of what is the knowledge of reality. At the same time, this problem causes both ontological and epistemological questions. When we handle with contemporary developments in European Sociology, we can see that Giddens and Bourdieu try to overcome the dualism brought by positivist and hermeneutic paradigms with the help of conceptualizations developed by themselves. When Giddens' theory of formation and Bourdieu's concept 'ontological partnership in crime between habitus and area' are handled, it can be seen that these explanation repertoires emphasize ' the production and reproduction of practices' and defend a dialectic relationship between objective circumstances and the subject's sense of world. Around these conceptual frames and arguments, this study aims to introduce the action-personality dualism in social theory and the explanatory repertoires of Giddens and Bourdieu.
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Sosyoloji, Sociology, Bourdieu, Pierre, Bourdieu, Pierre, Dualizm, Dualism, Giddens, Anthony, Giddens, Anthony, Ontoloji, Ontology, Suç, Crime
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120