17. yüzyıl şer'iyye sicillerinde 1 no'lu muhasebe defterine göre İstanbul ve çevresinde para vakıfları (1633-1634)
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2023
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Osmanlı Devleti'nin iktisadi ve içtimai hayatının her alanında varlığını sürdüren vakıflar, devletin hukuki ve şer'i yapısı temelinde uzun yıllar faaliyetlerini icra etmişlerdir. Osmanlı'nın kuruluş yıllarından itibaren işlerliklerini sürdüren vakıflar, devletin büyümesine paralel olarak gelişme göstermiştir. Nitekim Osmanlı Devleti, kendisinden önce de var olan vakıf müessesesini etkili bir şekilde uygulamıştır. Bu durumun neticesi olarak vakıfların bir türü olan para vakıfları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Şer'iyye sicillerinde yer alan 1 No'lu muhasebe defterinden hareketle 1633-1634 yıllarında İstanbul'da faaliyette bulunan vakıfların ekonomik ve sosyal faaliyetleri irdelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede; vakıfların ekonomik ve sosyal hizmetleri tablolar vasıtasıyla kapsamlı bir şekilde aktarılmıştır. Çalışmada, para vakıflarının elde ettiği gelirler ve yaptığı giderler hakkında bilgilere verilmiştir; vakıfların ekonomik bağlamda kişilere verdikleri borç para ve toplam miktarı da gösterilmiştir. Muhasebe defterlerinden elde edilen veriler ışığında vakıfların temel gelir kaleminin murabaha olduğu; en çok harcama yaptığı giderlerin ise kendi bünyesinde istihdam ettiği görevlilerinden oluştuğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen muhasebe defterinde en çok dikkat çeken bulgu sosyal hizmet bağlamında gerçekleşen yardımların az olduğudur. Bununla birlikte incelenen vakıfların toplumun her kesimden kişilere borç para verdiği de tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, para vakıflarının Osmanlı toplumunun refah düzeyi açısından ne kadar önemli ve etkili bir kurum olduğunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
Waqfs that continue to exist in all areas of the economic and social life of the Ottoman Empire have carried out their activities for many years on the basis of the legal and legal structure of the state. The waqfs that have been functioning since the waqf years of the Ottoman Empire have developed in parallel with the growth of the state. As a matter of fact, the Ottoman State has successfully implemented the foundation institution that existed before it. As a result of this success, cash waqfs, which are a type of waqfs, have emerged.In this study, the accounting book No. 1, which is included in the Sharia registers, has been examined, and the economic and social activities of the foundations operating in Istanbul during the period of 1633-1634 have been examined based on the accounting book. Within this framework; the economic and social services of the waqfs have been comprehensively conveyed through the tables. In the study, information about the incomes and expenses of the cash waqfs were given. In addition, the total amount of borrowed money that waqfs give to people in an economic context is also shown. In the light of the data obtained from the accounting books, it has been observed that the main income item of the foundations is murabaha, and the expenses they spend the most consist of the officials they employ within their own structure. In addition, it was also found that the waqfs examined lent money to people from all walks of life. This situation reveals how important an institution cash waqfs are in terms of the welfare level of the Ottoman society.
Waqfs that continue to exist in all areas of the economic and social life of the Ottoman Empire have carried out their activities for many years on the basis of the legal and legal structure of the state. The waqfs that have been functioning since the waqf years of the Ottoman Empire have developed in parallel with the growth of the state. As a matter of fact, the Ottoman State has successfully implemented the foundation institution that existed before it. As a result of this success, cash waqfs, which are a type of waqfs, have emerged.In this study, the accounting book No. 1, which is included in the Sharia registers, has been examined, and the economic and social activities of the foundations operating in Istanbul during the period of 1633-1634 have been examined based on the accounting book. Within this framework; the economic and social services of the waqfs have been comprehensively conveyed through the tables. In the study, information about the incomes and expenses of the cash waqfs were given. In addition, the total amount of borrowed money that waqfs give to people in an economic context is also shown. In the light of the data obtained from the accounting books, it has been observed that the main income item of the foundations is murabaha, and the expenses they spend the most consist of the officials they employ within their own structure. In addition, it was also found that the waqfs examined lent money to people from all walks of life. This situation reveals how important an institution cash waqfs are in terms of the welfare level of the Ottoman society.
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Ekonomi, Economics
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1
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56