Acute Toxicity of Deltamethrin on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid Classes in Liver and Gill Tissues of Nile Tilapia

Abstract

Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the acute toxicity of deltamethrin on the fatty acids of phospholipid (PL) classes in liver and gill of Nile tilapia. The fatty acids of PL classes were analyzed by gas chromatography. Deltamethrin brought about differences in the fatty acids of the PL classes in the liver and gill. In the liver of exposed fish, 16:0, 18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylcholine (PC); 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylinositol (PI) and in phosphatidylserine (PS) 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) were the affected fatty acids. There were significant alterations in Sigma MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), a(n-3)PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs (saturated fatty acids), Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI and Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs,Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-3)PUFAs in PS. In the gill, 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PC; 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PE; 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) in PI and in PS 16:0, 18:0,18:1(n-9), 20:3(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) affected. The alterations in Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3) PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PS were significant in gill. The changes in the fatty acids of the PL classes in response to deltamethrin can influence structure and functions of the membrane systems. Changes in fatty acids may be one defense mechanism against the deltamethrin.