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Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 6
Abluted capitalism: Ali Shariati's critique of capitalism in his reading of Islamic Economy
(Sage, 2015) Şengül, Serdar; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Islamic sociologist Ali Shariati is a leading figure of the reconstruction of religious thought in the Islamic world known especially for his anti-capitalist stance and leftist reading of Islamic history. In the philosophy of history that he developed, he classified religions as religions of tawheed (unicity of God) and religions of shirk (multiple gods). According to this new reading of history, the main struggle is not between religion and secularism but between religions of tawheed and of sheerk. The issue of the gaining and the distribution of the property is central to his classification. Shariati argued that followers of tawheed and of sheerk can be found in all religions including Islam. To support his argument Shariati explored how capitalistic understanding of Islam has been developed and legalised while anti-capitalist messages and orders of Islam were marginalised and illegalised just after the death of the Prophet Mohammed. He analysed the rivalry between his close companions over the content of a proper Islamic economic order and how this rivalry gave way to two contradicting understanding of Islam, marks of which can be seen today in the contemporary Muslim world. He coined the term abluted capitalism' to define the economic policies of Muslim sovereigns to make Islam compatible with capitalist economic principles.
Adaptation of the Vicarious Resilience Scale To Turkish: a Validity and Reliability Study
(American Psychological Association, 2025) İşıker Bedir, Deniz; Boz, C.; Şeneldir-Patolo, A.; Kitapçıoğlu, S.; Işıker-Bedir, D.; Sanyar, S.; 02.10. Department of Psychology / Psikoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Objective: The 27-item Vicarious Resilience Scale (VRS) is the first tool developed to measure vicarious resilience in mental health professionals working with trauma survivors. Given that the VRS measures the positive impact on therapists resulting from observing the healing process of trauma victims, it is especially significant to evaluate its validity and reliability in Turkish culture. This study aims to adapt the VRS to Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. Method: VRS was adapted and administered via electronic survey to 337 mental health professionals from around the globe working with survivors of severe traumas, such as earthquake survivors. The validity of the VRS was examined using different techniques: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and criterion-related validity. Results: CFA yielded seven factors that were consistent with the original form: changes in life goals and perspective, client-inspired hope, increased recognition of clients’ spirituality as a therapeutic resource, increased capacity for resourcefulness, increased self-awareness and self-care practices, increased consciousness of power and privilege relative to clients’ social location, and increased capacity for remaining present while listening to trauma narratives. The Cronbach’s α reliability of the VRS was found to be.95; it displayed positive correlations with posttraumatic growth, psychological resilience, and quality of life, indicating convergent validity. However, it had a negative correlation with depression, anxiety, and stress, indicating discriminant validity. Conclusion: The VRS is a valid and reliable measurement scale by professionals working with trauma survivors to aid the recognition and cultivation of vicarious resilience in Turkish mental health professionals. © 2025 American Psychological Association
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 8
Adaptions in subsistence strategy to environment changes across the Younger Dryas-Early Holocene boundary at Kortiktepe, Southeastern Turkey
(Sage Journals, 2022) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Benz, Marion; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Özkaya, Vecihi; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The site of Körtiktepe in southeastern Turkey is one of few sites in the Upper Mesopotamia basin that attests continuous, permanent occupation across the boundary from end of the colder, drier Younger Dryas (YD) into the comparatively wetter and warmer Early Holocene (EH). This allows for the study of the degree of environmental change experienced on a local level over this boundary as well as for the study of the adaptations that the occupants of the site undertook in response to these changes. The mammal assemblage of Körtiktepe remains relatively stable across the YD – EH transition with the main contributors to diet being mouflon (Ovis orientalis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in approximately the same quantities, although the contribution of aurochs (Bos primigenius) increases in the EH. The most significant changes can be seen in the shift in avifauna remains, with a sharp increase of waterbirds during the EH. It is proposed that these shifts reflect changes in the local environment with an increase in woodland cover as well as expansion of local waterways, which is generally consistent with previously published archaeobotanical studies. In terms of species exploited, mortality profiles as well as size distribution of mammals, a great deal of continuity is observed. This suggests that over this particular period the local impact of the beginning of the Early Holocene was not overly dramatic, allowing for cultural continuity of previously established subsistence strategies.
Ahmed Anzavur: Soldier, Governor, and Rebel. a Reevaluation of a Late Ottoman Military Man
(Oriental inst Czech Acad Sci, 2023) Yelbaşı, Caner; 02.14. Department of History / Tarih Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Following the Russian conquest of the North Caucasus, many Muslims from the region were exiled to the Ottoman Empire from the 1860s onwards. They were settled in different parts of the empire from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Syria and Iraq vilayets. By following this policy, the Ottoman state ensured that many Circassians would become part of the Ottoman army, ruling elites, harems and agricultural workforce. Anzavur Ahmed's family was one of them. Although he did not graduate from military school, he participated in the army during the war in Libya (1911), the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), and the First World War (1914-1918). He was also appointed as the governor of Izmit (1920). Anzavur Ahmet is portrayed as a rebel by Turkish official historiography, but in reality, he was much more than that. He was an Ottoman Governor, and supported by Ottoman administrators such as Damad Ferid and Ali Kemal, who were against the Kuvayi Milliye because they believed that the empire would eventually emerge from the chaotic atmosphere of the post-First World War period and make an agreement with the British. This article argues that although Ahmed Anzavur has been labeled a rebel and a traitor according to the official historiography, it is difficult to use these labels given the circumstances of his time.
Al-Ikhwan Al-Safa' On The Ethical Dimensions Of Art: An Analysis On Music
(Ilahiyat Bilimleri Arastirma Vakfi, 2018) Kılıç, Muhammet Fatih; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Since Ancient Geek philosophy, one of the most fundamental problems of the aesthetics has been the relationship between ethics and aesthetics. At the beginning of the questions that determine the nature of this relationship is the question of whether an object which is subjected to the judgment of beauty should have an ethically related content. Until modern times, this question has been answered to the point that, an object which is subjected to the judgment of beauty must also bear an ethical value. This answer states that in order to qualify an object or thing as beautiful in aesthetic sense, it should be connected to the good in ethical sense. From Ancient Greek philosophy to Islamic thought, we can clearly see the ideas and theories about this close relationship between ethics and aesthetics. This study aims to reveal the integrity between ethics and aesthetics in the philosophy of the al-Ikhwan al-Safa', a group of philosophers living in Basra and its environs during 4th/10th century, through the art of music. For this purpose, it is discussed in this article how music influences on human morality in their philosophy. The relationship between music and morality could be established in two ways in the philosophy of the al-Ikhwan: metaphysical and physical ways. When they connect music to metaphysics, they argue that music is a door to metaphysics, unlike the other arts. They refer to the strong effect of music in the human soul when they compare it with the other arts. As an auditory art, music has a richness of meaning that transcends the boundaries of the physical world and language. Through the sense of sight, one knows only what is at his side, but through the sense of hearing he may know the metaphysical truths that transcend time-space dimensions. As an art based on the sense of hearing, music can convey metaphysical truths to the audience differently from the other arts based on the sense of sight. Accordingly, music is a door for humans to direct them to the metaphysical truths and to enrich their morality. The al-Ikhwan al-Safa' assert that music has a divine and prophetic sources. These sources render it in relation to the wisdom. This thought about the source of the music also provides an explanation of the legitimacy of music. In order to emphasize this ground of legitimacy, they give some examples of usage of music used during religious rituals. They also argue that music in these rituals enriches human's morality. Another dimension as a metaphysical level for the relation between music and ethics in the philosophy of the al-Ikhwan is the mathematical basis of music. According to them, mathematics is the first path to the discovery of divine wisdom. This is because God has created the world in a harmony with the supreme proportions that describe the specific relation between the world and the numbers. Music is an art that is located in mathematics and that these supreme proportions could be obviously seen. Accordingly, music presents definitively the truth, divine wisdom and secrets. The al-Ikhwan argue that music is similar and harmonious with the sounds that emerge from the movements of stars and planets. The happiness in the celestial world where there is no generation and corruption is reproduced by the artist in the world of generation and corruption through music. Thus, music increases the desire to rise to the celestial world. This desire is described by the al-Ikhwan as trying to resemble to God. This description demonstrate that they evaluate the nature of music in a metaphysical context. Consequently, performing music, according to them, creates a result that redirects the human to the metaphysics. This metaphysical redirection does not only have a theoretical dimension in the sense that one acquires knowledge of the truth, but also has a practical content in the act of human in the sense of the resemblance to God. This practical content concerns the moral development of a person. Regarding the relation between music and morality, the al-Ikhwan al-Safa' offer a physics-based explanation in addition to these metaphysical bases. They argue that music creates psycho-physiological effects on humans and that the melodies coming out of the strings of the lute influence the four elements; blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm in the human body. The background of this explication is the Hippocratic-Galician medical theory, which has become widespread in the Islamic world since the ninth century. Within this theory, they reveal that music influences the physical and psychological states of human and that it can create permanent moral virtues such as courage, generosity, chastity, and mercifulness.
Ali Al-tusi's Contributions To the Seventeenth Discussion of Al-ghazali's Tahafut
(Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2016) Kılıç, Muhammet Fatih; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
In this paper, I analyze the 17th chapter of a 15th century Tahafut work by Ali al-Tusi which is devoted to the problem of causality. This analysis argues that Ali al-Tusi agrees with alGhazali's 17th discussion of causality and presents a number of conceptual and argumentative structures. Like al-Ghazali, Ali al-Tusi argues that the ontological relationship between cause and effect is not necessary and that this non-necessity does not weaken the certainty of our knowledge of the causal order. Ali al-Tusi differs from al-Ghazali by utilizing the concept of nafs al-amr in order to deny causal necessity, applying the distinction between true and ordinary causality for the two realms of causality (i.e. physical and metaphysical), and focusing on the contradictions between the physical and metaphysical explanations of the philosophers' theories of motion. Consequently, Ali al-Tusi's Tahafut cannot be considered as a commentary in the narrow sense, because he goes beyond the original context of al-Ghazali by taking into account post-classical thought on causality.
Alman Oryantalizmi ve İslami Dönem Fars Edebiyatı: Bir Literal Geçişkenlik Örneği Olarak Josef von Hammer-Purgstall (1774–1856)
(2019) Avcı, Remzi; 02.14. Department of History / Tarih Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Avrupa‘da İslami dönem Fars dili, kültür ve edebiyatına duyulan ilginin tarihi oldukça eski bir geleneğe dayanmaktadır. Çeviri hareketleri bağlamında düşünüldüğünde İslami dönem Fars edebiyatının Avrupa ile metinsel temasının 17. yüzyılda başladığı söylenebilir. Coğrafya ve kültüre duyulan yakın ilgi seyyahların dil ve edebiyata ilgisini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu dönemde birçok Alman seyyah Safevi ülkesine seyahat etmiş ve tarih, kültür, dil ve İslami dönem Fars edebiyat üzerine geniş bilgiler toplayarak bunları Batı’ya aktarmıştır. 1634 yılında Fars edebiyatı klasiklerinden olan Şeyh Sa‘dî-i Şîrâzî’nin Gülistan adlı eseri Fransız oryantalist André du Ryer (1580-1660) tarafından Fransızcaya çevrilmiştir. Friedrich Ochsenbach (1606–1658), söz konusu çeviriyi 1636 yılında Fransızcadan Gulistan, das ist, Königlicher Rosengarten/Gülistan, Kraliyet Gül Bahçesi başlığı ile Almancaya çevirmiştir. Safevi ülkesinde medreselerde Farsça öğrenerek Sa‘dî’nin eserleri ile tanışmış olan Adam Olearius/Ölschläger (1600–1671), Almanya’ya döndükten sonra Safevi elçisinin yardımıyla Gülistan’ı 1654 yılında Persianische Rosenthal/Fars Güller Vadisi adıyla Almancaya çevirmiştir. 18. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Avrupa’da Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî ve Şeyh Sa‘dî-i Şîrâzî gibi İslami dönem Fars şairlerinden Batı dillerine yapılan edebi metin çevirilerdeki artış oryantalistlerden şairlere kadar Almanca konuşulan dünyada da etkisini göstermiştir. Bu zaman dilimi Doğu ve Batı arasında ilişkide bir dönüm noktası olarak düşünülebilir. 19. yüzyılın ise ilk yıllarında diplomat, seyyah, tüccar ve oryantalistlerin yaptıkları çeviriler ile başlayan ve gelişen edebî oryantalizm Almanca konuşulan dünyada Doğu’dan Batı’ya bir Fars şiiri çeviri külliyatı bırakmıştır. Söz konusu külliyatın oluşumunda oldukça önemli bir yerde duran Avusturyalı oryantalist Josef von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856), Vinzenz Rosenzweig von Schwannau (1791-1865), Valentin von Huszár (1788-1850), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), Friedrich Rückert (1788-1866) ve August von Platen (1796-1835) gibi aydınlanmacı, klasik ve romantik akımdan ve birçok düşünür şair ve oryantalistin Fars dili ve şiirine ilgi duymalarında önemli bir etki bırakmıştır. Hammer-Purgstall’ın İslami dönem Fars şiiri çevirilerinden literal bir ağ yarattığınıiddia eden bu çalışma, onun çevirilerinin Alman edebi oryantalizminin inşa ve kurumsallaşmasında nasıl bir rol oynadığını incelemektedir
Citation - WoS: 26
Citation - Scopus: 33
An analysis of age-standardized suicide rates in Muslim-majority countries in 2000-2019
(BMC Public Health, 2022) Zeyrek Rıos, Emek Yüce; Bob Lew; Lester, David; Kõlves, Kairi; Yip, Paul S. F.; Ibrahim, Norhayati; 02.10. Department of Psychology / Psikoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Background: This study examines the 20-year trend of suicide in 46 Muslim-majority countries throughout the world and compares their suicide rates and trends with the global average. Ecological-level associations between the proportion of the Muslim population, the age-standardized suicide rates, male-to-female suicide rate ratio, and the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2019 were examined. Methods: Age-standardized suicide rates were extracted from the WHO Global Health Estimates database for the period between 2000 and 2019. The rates in each country were compared with the age-standardized global average during the past 20 years. The countries were further grouped according to their regions/sub-regions to calculate the regional and sub-regional weighted age-standardized suicide rates involving Muslim-majority countries. Correlation analyses were conducted between the proportion of Muslims, age-standardized suicide rate, male: female suicide rate ratio, and the HDI in all countries. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the age-standardized suicide rates in 2000-2019. Results: The 46 countries retained for analysis included an estimated 1.39 billion Muslims from a total worldwide Muslim population of 1.57 billion. Of these countries, eleven (23.9%) had an age-standardized suicide rate above the global average in 2019. In terms of regional/sub-regional suicide rates, Muslim-majority countries in the Sub-Saharan region recorded the highest weighted average age-standardized suicide rate of 10.02/100,000 population, and Southeastern Asia recorded the lowest rate (2.58/100,000 population). There were significant correlations between the Muslim population proportion and male-to-female rate ratios (r=-0.324, p=0.028), HDI index and age-standardized suicide rates (r=-0.506, p<0.001), and HDI index and male-to-female rate ratios (r=0.503, p<0.001) in 2019. Joinpoint analysis revealed that seven Muslim-majority countries (15.2%) recorded an increase in the average annual percentage change regarding age-standardized suicide rates during 2000-2019. Conclusions: Most Muslim-majority countries had lower age-standardized suicide rates than the global average, which might reflect religious belief and practice or due to Muslim laws in their judicial and social structure which may lead to underreporting. This finding needs further in-depth country and region-specific study with regard to its implication for public policy.
The analysis of Syriac philosophical activities in the context of translation movements
(SILA SCIENCE, 2012) Doru, Mehmet Nesim; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Dealing with the Syriac tradition of philosophy through translation activities will provide us more accurate information about philosophical activities of Syrians spanning a wide period such as ten centuries. Otherwise, philosophical activities of Syrians will be limited to a one-way translation movement such as repeated failures in most of the time, and thus, we will be prevented to see the picture as a whole. This study deals with the periods and introduces their basic features.
The Analysis of the Effects of Olfactive Stimulus in Learning in Context of Educational Technology
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Akpinar, Burhan; Özdaş, Faysal; Ozdas, Faysal; Yildirim, Bilal; Batdi, Veli; 02.04. Department of Educational Sciences / Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
When the educational Technologies, which are used in the process of learning-teaching process, are associated with sensory organs, the least used one becomes the olfactive stimuli. Nowadays, because of being foreground of visual-audio Technologies, Positivism is based on vision and audition but it ignores the other senses. Although seeing and hearing play important roles, the ineffectiveness of other senses is delusion in this process. In this delusion the impact of visual-audio Technologic devices from telescope to television, internet, mobile phones is inevitable. However sensation and learning is wholistic and based on togetherness of five senses. Thus, with the delusion olfactive stimulus which is rejected from the educational field is effective on senses, attention, concentration and memory in learning. The purpose of this study, which is in form literature review, is to discuss the nature of olfactive stimulus the effectiveness in education, areas of usage in context of educational technology, to deduce and to make suggestions. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
An Analysis of the Section on Causality in Khojazada's Tahafut
(SCIENTIFIC STUDIES ASSOC-ILMI ETUDLER DERNEGI-ILEM, 2016) Kılıç, Muhammet Fatih; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
In this article, the nineteenth section of Khojazada's (d. 893/1488) Tahafut, which was devoted to the problem of causality in an example of the works under the same title written during the fifteenth century and composed with the patronage of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II (d. 886/1481), is subjected to a critical analysis. His discussion follows a critical course with respect to al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111) in context. This could be detected most clearly in his vindication of Avicenna (d. 428/1037) against al-Ghazali's accusation of the philosophers' denial of miracles. Moreover, Khojazada's discussion has certain differences with al-Ghazali's at both the conceptual and the argumentative levels. The most striking differences at the argumentative level is Khojazada's grounding of his own conception of revelation and miracles on Avicennia's, rather than al-Ghazali's, theory of prophethood. By the same token, he offered a practical response to the imputation that the Avicennian system leaves no room for the possibility of miracles. At the conceptual level, furthermore, he distinguished between complete and incomplete causes, in contradistinction with al-Ghazali, and thereby opened another ground in order to demonstrate the inability of those natures that he viewed as incomplete causes to produce their own effects. On the other hand, Khojazada concurs with al-Ghazali that causality did not presume an ontological necessity, yet this condition did not incur defects on the certainty of our knowledge.
Citation - WoS: 29
Citation - Scopus: 29
Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia
(Science, 2022) Acar, Ayşe; Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Açıkkol, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Davtyan, Ruben; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
Animal exploitation at the Olympos, southwestern Anatolia: Zooarchaeological analysis
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Olcay-Uçkan, B. Yelda; Öztaşkin, Muradiye; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Öncü, Emre; Öztaşkin, Gökçen K.; Chrószcz, Aleksanderf; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
This study presents analysis of animal remains unearthed from 2006 to 2021 excavations at Olympos, an important city of ancient Lycia, southwestern Turkey. Seven faunal assemblages were unearthed from seven distinct areas of the city. Each of them was studied according to their distinct archaeological contexts. The zooarchaeological observation was based on taxonomic identification, species diversity, kill-off patterns, nature of bone modification, including taphonomic and anthropogenic marks, and type of species exploitation at the site. The results demonstrated that the majority of the specimens were consumption residues, comprising mainly of ungulate and carnivore mammals, birds and marine fish and mollusks. Goat remains were the most common in all the assemblages, which is consistent with common animal exploitation patterns in Anatolia. Fish bones mostly represented bonito (Sarda sarda), tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and shark (Carcharhinidae sp.). Among the mollusks, the shells of Triton trumpet, rarely found in the Roman-Byzantine Anatolia, were clearly used as trumpets. As Olympos was an important harbour with a strategic location by the Mediterranean Sea, its faunal remains shed new light on the coastal dietary habbit, animal economy, and cultural contacts in the Roman and Early Byzantine periods in Anatolia.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Animal Remains of Alaybeyi Hoyuk
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Varyant2, Varyant2; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
This paper presents the zooarchaeological observations on animal remains of Alaybeyi Hoyuk unearthed from 2016 and 2017 excavation sessions. Dated to 4721-4553 cal. BC, Alaybeyi stands so far as the oldest archaeological settlement discovered in northeast Anatolia. Therefore, the faunal assemblage at Alaybeyi offers great opportunity to study the status of animals and their relationships with humans in the largely unexplored Kars-Erzurum plateau covering a period from the Chalcolithic to Late Iron Age. Taxonomic and osteometric analyses show that, like the present day, cattle were dominant over caprines, revealing extensive cattle pastoralism in the region for at least about 7 millennia. While caprines too were significant in the subsistence strategy of local humans, there was not any sign of raising pigs. Significant numbers of wild species including carnivores, aquatic mammals, and rodents, as well as resident and migratory birds, were also hunted by Alaybeyi people. Additionally, horse burials, horse cult, dog burials, and a rich number of dog bones present animals as versatile actors in various ritual and symbolic practices at the site.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 8
Animals and pastoral groups in the mountainous Ömerli district of Southeast Anatolia
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Şanlı, Süleyman; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Southeast Anatolia has been an ideal place for pastoralism since the Neolithic period. However, there is a lack of information on human–animal relationships from both archaeological settlements and contemporary societies in the region. Through ethnographic fieldwork and exploratory case studies in the mountainous Ömerli district, we explored the dependency and complex relationships between pastoral groups and various animal species in Southeast Anatolia. The case studies revealed affectionate and emotional bonds between shepherds and some individuals of domestic herds, similar to pet–human relationships in urban societies. Shepherds gave human names to certain animals; sometimes these were the names of their close friends or the names of their own children. Grief and prolonged grief was also common among Ömerli shepherds following the loss, death, or sale of these emotionally bonded animals. It was further observed that a single species (domestic or wild) often had complex and multi-purpose relationships with shepherd groups. While tortoises and hares, for instance, were used as sources of meat, the bone, blood, intestine, skin, and shell of these species were often used in traditional medicine. Although pastoral groups are completely dependent on domestic herds for their basic subsistence, Ömerli shepherds were observed to be regular hunters. It appears that the economic benefits were not the only promoters for pastoral subsistence in the study area; compassion and emotional affection for particular animals also reinforced enthusiasm for the practice. Therefore, it can be argued that the data obtained from pastoral villages in the mountainous Ömerli district help us understand interactions and relationships between humans and nonhuman animals in pastoral societies of Southeast Anatolia.
Applying Ibn Khaldun: the Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology
(Scientific Studies Assoc-ilmi Etudler dernegi-ilem, 2020) Gökdağ, Kamuran; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
[No Abstract Available]
The Approach of Kalām to the Physical Universe: Schools and Breaks
(Anadolu İlahiyat Akademisi, 2023) Cengiz, Yunus; Cengiz, Yunus; 02.06. Department of Philosophy / Felsefe Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Kelâmcılar, sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren fiziksel evrenle daha fazla ilgilenmişler ve daha önce gündemlerinde olmayan cisim, hareket, durağanlık ve değişim gibi konularda teoriler ortaya koymuşlardır. Kelâm ekollerinin fizik yaklaşımları birbirlerinden farklı olduğu gibi farklı dönemlerdeki fizik hakkında düşünme tarzları da farklıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kelâmcıların fiziksel evrene yaklaşımlarını tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda, kelâmcıların beş farklı yaklaşımının olduğu söylenebilir. Bunlardan birincisi araz taraftarlarıdır. Evrenin arazlardan meydana geldiğini savunan bu yaklaşım cisimlerin bütünlüklü yapılar olarak görülmesinin zihnimizin eseri olduğunu savunur. İkincisi tabiatçı kelâmcılardır. Nazzâm, Câhız ve Sümâme bu yaklaşımı savunan kelâmcılardır. Onların ortak özelliği cisimlerin tabiatlarını kabul etmeleridir. Bu yaklaşıma göre cisimler başka bir müdahaleye gerek kalmaksızın tabiatlarına uygun bir şekilde davranmak zorundadır. Nazzâm, bu yaklaşıma uygun bir teori geliştirmiş ve teorisini tecrübelerle desteklemeye çalışmıştır. Atomculuğu reddeden Nazzâm cisimlerin karşıt bileşenlerden oluştuğunu ve onların sürekli hareket halinde olmalarını sağlayan iç dinamizme sahip olduklarını ısrarla söyler. Câhız ise hayvanların doğasını ve hareketlerini öğrenmek için çokça gözlem yapmanın yanı sıra birtakım deneyler yapmıştır. Kelâmın fizikle ilgili üçüncü yaklaşımın sahipleri ise atomcu kelâmcılardır. Atomculuk kelâmda en yaygın fizik yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşıma göre cisimler sonsuza kadar bölünmez. Evren parçalanmayan parçacıklardan oluşur. Bu yaklaşım atomlar arasında boşlukların olduğunu ısrarla savunur. Bu düşüncelerini savunmak için birtakım örnekler veren atomcu kelâmcılar, cisimlerin tabiata sahip olduğunu kabul etmezler. Bunun yerine evreni açıklamak için itme gücü (i‘timâd) teorisini geliştirmişlerdir. Dördüncü yaklaşımın sahipleri ise hem atomcu hem tabiatçı kelâmcılardır. Ebu’l-Kâsım el-Ka‘bî’nin başını çektiği bu yaklaşım, evrenin atomlardan oluştuğunu ve her cismin bir tabiatının olduğunu savunur. Bu yaklaşım evrende boşluğun olmadığını söyler ve bu düşüncesini birçok tikel fenomeni izah ederek ispatlamaya çalışır. Beşinci yaklaşım ise Aristoteles’in dört neden nazariyesiyle fiziksel evreni değerlendiren kelâmcılardır. Gazâlî sonrasında Eş‘arî kelâmcılar, Aristoteles’in fiziğinin temelini teşkil eden dört neden nazariyesini kelâmî tezleriyle uyumlu hale getirmeye çalışmışlardır. Makalede bunu başarmak için ne tür yöntemlerin takip ettiği ele alınmaktadır.
Arap Edebiyatı Tarihi Yazımının Kuramsal ve Metodolojik Temelleri
(Hitit Univ, 2024) Sımsek, Sultan; Araz, İsmail; Araz, İsmail; 02.02. Department of Arabic Language and Literature / Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
İlmî bir disiplin olarak edebiyatın tarihini yazma işi, edebî eserlerin köklü geçmişinin aksine 18. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru modern döneme has bir araştırma girişiminin neticesinde Batılı araştırmacılar tarafından başlatılmıştır. Modern dönemde ilk olarak ulusların edebiyat tarihleri yazılmıştır. Edebiyat tarihi yazımının ilk örnekleri kabul edilen bu süreçten Arap edebiyatı tarihi de nasibini almıştır. Nitekim 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Hammer Purgstall (öl. 1856) ve Alfred von Kremer (öl. 1889) gibi yazarların Arap edebiyatı tarihi hakkındaki eserleri öncü çalışmalar olarak öne çıkmıştır. Carl Brockelmann’ın (öl. 1956) kapsamlı eseriyle hızlanan yazım süreci gerek Batıda gerekse Doğuda onlarca Arap edebiyatı tarihi kitabının yazılmasıyla günümüze dek devam etmiştir. Birbirinden farklı okuyucu kitlelerine hitap eden eserlerin kaleme alındığı bu süreç, edebiyat tarihi literatürünün zenginleşmesine katkı sunmakla beraber kuramsal ve metodolojik birçok tartışmanın ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren Arap edebiyatı tarihi yazımında farklı yaklaşımlar önerilmiş olup, teorik çerçevede bir birlik söz konusu değildir. Edebiyat tarihi araştırmacısı için edebiyat tarihi eserlerini anlama ve anlamlandırmayı zorlaştıran bu durum, edebiyat tarihi yazımının gelişiminin ilmî kriterlere göre yorumlanmasının önünde bir engel teşkil etmektedir. Nitekim edebiyat tarihi kitaplarını okurken onlardan yüksek derecede istifade edebilmek için yazarlarının bakış açılarını, konuya yaklaşım tarzlarını ve metotlarını bilmek son derece önemlidir. Bu önemin farkında olarak makalemizde Arap edebiyatı tarihi alanında ortaya konan çalışmalarda esas alınan kuramsal ve metodolojik çerçeve konu edilmiştir. Makale, Arap edebiyatı tarihi yazımında çoğu zaman yazarlar tarafından net ve ayrıntılı bir şekilde ifade edilmemiş olan yazım kuramları ve yöntemlerini incelemeyi kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda edebiyat tarihi yazımında Doğu ve Batı arasındaki felsefi farklılıklar, edebiyat-tarih ilişkisi, dönemlerin tespit edilme kriterleri ve en ideal edebiyat tarihi yöntemi gibi makalenin kapsamını aşan konulara girilmemiştir. Makalenin temel amacı, Arap edebiyatı tarihi yazımında uygulanan yöntem ve kuramlar hakkında bilgi vererek araştırmacıların alandaki eserlerin arka planına dair farkındalık düzeylerinin artmasına katkıda bulunmak, alana dair daha bilinçli bir okuma için geliştirici bir bakış açısı sunmak ve konunun birçok açıdan çalışılmayı bekleyen yönlerine dikkat çekmektir. Günümüzde Arap edebiyatı tarihi üzerine gerek dönemsel gerekse edebî şahsiyetler ve türler esas alınarak pek çok araştırma yapılsa da teorik yaklaşım ve metodoloji konusunda yapılan araştırmaların yok denecek kadar az olması alanda büyük bir boşluk oluşturmaktadır. Makalemiz, bu boşluğu doldurma yolunda atılan mütevazı bir adım olarak değerlendirilebilir. Makalede ulaşılan sonuçları temellendirebilmek amacıyla araştırma boyunca nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimleyici yöntem kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler ise analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede konunun kapsamının anlaşılabilmesi için Arap edebiyatı tarihinin ortaya çıkışı ve Doğu dünyasına intikali üzerinde durulmuştur. Batıdan Doğuya gerçekleşen bu intikal sürecinde Arap edebiyatı tarihçileri arasında teorik ve metodolojik bir problem olarak edebiyat tarihi yazımının nasıl uygulandığı birincil kaynaklara bağlı olarak tartışılmıştır. Bu noktada Arap edebiyatı tarihi yazımının metodolojik temellerinin dayanakları ve etki alanları konu edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda metodolojik problemler arasında en çok benimsenen edebiyat tarihi yönteminin uzantıları ele alınmıştır. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda edebiyat tarihçilerinin eserlerinden hareketle Arap edebiyatı tarihi yazımında takip edilen yöntemlerin çok çeşitli olduğu ve bazı yöntemlerin sentezlenerek işlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Makale, takip edilen her bir yöntemin kendi içerisinde güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin bulunması, edebiyatın doğası gereği alanın çok faktörlü karmaşık yapıda olması ve belli bir yöntem üzerinde ittifak sağlanamaması gibi etmenlerden hareketle bu sahada şimdiye kadarki birikimi bütüncül bir gözle değerlendiren derinlikli yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Citation - WoS: 22
Are Lesson Plans Created by ChatGPT More Effective? An Experimental Study
(INT SOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, 2024) Göksu, İdris; Göksu, İdris; 02.04. Department of Educational Sciences / Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
In this research, we aimed to determine whether students' math achievements improved using ChatGPT, one of the chatbot tools, to prepare lesson plans in primary school math courses. The research was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. The study comprises 39 third-grade students (experimental group = 24, control group = 15). The implementation process lasted five weeks and 25 lesson hours. In the experimental group, lessons were taught according to plans prepared using ChatGPT, while in the control group, existing lesson plans were used. Students' academic achievement was measured with a multiple-choice achievement test of 25 questions with two separate questions for each learning objective. According to the results, students' academic achievement increased significantly (d = 1.268) in math lessons taught according to lesson plans prepared using the ChatGPT. Although there was a difference between the posttest scores of the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group, it was determined that this difference was not significant. These results show that teaching primary school math according to lesson plans prepared using ChatGPT is effective in academic achievement. Teachers should consider ChatGPT and their plans, combining them and benefiting from both in the implementation process.
Âşık-Maşuk-Rakîb Bağlamında İsmet Özel Şiirinde Aşk
(İstanbul Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, 2023) Yakut, Emrullah; 02.15. Department of Turkish language and Literature / Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Nefis, akıl ve aşk itici güçleri arasında şekillenen insanın varoluş macerası, yine insanın dilsel dışavurum ürünleri olan edebî metinlere ve özellikle şiire büyük ölçüde yansımıştır. Bu dışavurum, farklı edebî geleneklerde yüzeysel farklılıklara sahip olmakla birlikte ortak bazı yönleri de ihtiva etmektedir. Klasik şiirde âşık-mâşuk-rakîb üçlüsü arasında cereyan eden aşk temasının İsmet Özel şiirinde de benzer biçimlerde tezahür ettiği söylenebilir. Klasik şiirde mecâzî ve hakîkî aşk arasında çoğu zaman sınırları belirsizleştiren, ayrımları anlamsızlaştıran bir geçişkenlik vardır. Özel’in şiirinde ise ideolojik hedeflerle tensel arzuların iç içe geçtiği, bunlar arasında keskin geçişlerin yaşandığı bir aşk söz konusudur. Klasik şiirde aşk, insanın tekâmül sürecinin önemli bir vasıtasıdır. Benzer şekilde İsmet Özel için de aşk, insanı varoluş atılımına sürükleyen bir harekettir. Diğer yandan klasik şiirde âşık kendi benliğini adeta yok ederek (fenâ) maşuğa kavuşurken İsmet Özel’in şiirinde güçlü bir “Ben” vurgusu dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak bu Ben’in aynı zamanda bir maşuk olarak anlaşılmasına fırsat veren ipuçları, klasik şiirde ve tasavvuf düşüncesinde bilinen âşık-maşuk bütünlüğü çerçevesinde meseleyi daha ilginç bir boyuta taşımaktadır. Bu makale, klasik şiir ile İsmet Özel şiirindeki aşk anlayışını ve âşık, mâşuk, rakîb tezahürlerini mukayeseli bir şekilde ele almayı, benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları tespit ve tahlil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

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