Meslek Yüksekokulları

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Activity of nanosized copper-boron alloys against Phytophthora species
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkkan, Muharrem; İlhan, Hasan; Şimşek, Tuncay; Güler, Ömer; Derviş, Sibel
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of copper-boron (Cu-B) nanoalloys against a range of Phytophthora species, including P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. cactorum, P. plurivora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma. The nanoalloys were synthesized via mechanical alloying under an argon atmosphere, resulting in the formation of nanocrystalline Cu-B nanoalloys with irregular morphology and particle sizes ranging from 50 to 240 nm. At a concentration of 250 µg mL−1, the Cu-B nanoalloys demonstrated complete inhibition of mycelial growth, sporangium production, and zoospore germination in all tested Phytophthora species. The EC50 values for mycelial growth ranged from 28.02 to 120.17 µg mL−1, while for sporangium production and zoospore germination, they were below 10 µg mL−1. Furthermore, the nanoalloys exhibited fungicidal activity against specific Phytophthora species, such as P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma, at concentrations of 100, 250, 250, and 250 µg mL−1, respectively. Notably, the Cu-B nanoalloys displayed significant protective and curative effects on tuber rot severity in P. nicotianae-inoculated potatoes, resulting in reductions of 94.13% and 92.61% compared to the control, respectively, at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of Cu-B nanoalloys as a promising fungicide for the management of plant diseases caused by Phytophthora spp.
Ağır Metal (Ni, Cd ve Cu) Uygulamalarının Andız Otu, Fener Otu ve Sığırkuyruğu Bitkilerinin Büyüme ve Gelişmesi Üzerine Etkisi
(2017) Eren, Abdullah; Mert, Mehmet
Bu çalışmada; nikel (Ni), kadmiyum (Cd) ve bakır (Cu) ile kirlenmiş topraklarda andız otu (Inula helenium), fener otu (Physalis angulata) ve sığırkuyruğu (Verbascum thapsus) bitkileri 6 hafta boyunca kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilerek, bu metallerin topraklardan temizlenebilme olanakları araştırılmıştır. Denemede bitkilerin klorofil düzeyleri, biyokütle üretimi, ağır metal alımı ve indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, bitkilerin dokularında biriktirdiği Ni, Cd ve Cu konsantrasyonlarının toksisiteye neden olacak seviyelere ulaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek Ni içeriği (253 µg bitki-1) fener otu bitkisinin 400 mg Ni kg-1uygulamasından, en yüksek Cd içeriği ise fener otu (46.9 µg bitki-1) ve sığırkuyruğu (54.6 µg bitki-1) bitkilerinde 10 mg Cd kg-1uygulamasından ve en yüksek Cu konsantrasyonu ise fener otu (304 µg bitki-1) bitkisinin 200 mg Cu kg-1uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Deneme sonucunda fener otu ve sığırkuyruğu bitkilerinin ağır metallerle kirlenmiş toprakların temizlenmesinde kullanma potansiyellerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Alternaria spp. causing postharvest decay on apple fruit in Nigde province, Turkey
(2022) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Özden, Mustafa
Postharvest rots caused by Alternaria spp. result from infections occurring in the apple orchard at or before harvest and these may remain quiescent during the growing phase and only result in decay during postharvest cold storage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize Alternaria spp. associated with apple black spot and/ or decay during cold storage in Nigde, Turkey. Isolates of Alternaria spp. were obtained from apple fruit (cvs Fuji, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Red Delicious, and Starking Delicious) with dark, dry, spongy lesions. The symptomatic fruits were sampled from 18 commercial cold storages in the Nigde Province, Turkey, during the 2020/21 storage period. Decayed fruits were transferred to the laboratory for isolation of the fungi from the lesions. In total, 75 Alternaria isolates were characterized morphologically and were differentiated into 5 phenotypic groups based on their colony morphology, and characteristics of their conidiophores and conidia. At least 5 representative isolates were randomly chosen from each group for the pathogenicity tests. All Alternaria spp. isolates caused round, dry, dark, spongy lesions on/in the inoculated fruits and re-isolates from the inoculated apples of each phenotypic groups were similar to the initial isolates of each group in morphological characteristics. Molecular characterization of isolates is in progress. Since mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp. in fruits is of unavoidable risk to human health, special care should be given in regards to the need to reduce widespread postharvest losses caused by Alternaria spp. in the cold storages of Niğde, which is the most important apple producer province of the country.
Antifungal effect of boron compounds against Neoscytalidium dimiatum
(2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkkan, Muharrem; Yiğit, Abdurrahman; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Erper, İsmail
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has been recently identified as the agent responsible for canker, dieback, shoot blight, and root rot on different hosts in Türkiye. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of boric acid (H3BO3), three borates [disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13.4H2O), disodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) and disodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7)] on the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination of N. dimidiatum. The antifungal effects of the boron compounds were investigated at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v) concentrations. The differences observed between the inhibitory effects of boron compounds on the parameters were found to be significantly important at P < 0.05. The 0.5% concentration of disodium tetraborate decahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate completely inhibited the fungus, whereas other salts did not. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate completely inhibited three parameters at 0.5% and higher concentrations. However, boric acid and disodium tetraborate were able to completely inhibit investigated factors of N. dimidiatum at 2.0% and 1.0% concentration, respectively. Disodium tetraborate and boric acid at 0.5% concentration decreased germ tube elongation and conidia germination of the fungus by 94.97%-63.57%, 59.33%-51.26%, respectively. The effectiveness of the 0.5% concentration on conidial germination was also similar in both salts at P < 0.05. However, disodium tetraborate inhibited germ tube elongation more effectively than boric acid. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the four boron compounds also varied between 0.5% and 2.0% concentrations. The boron compounds in this study could be potential agents to manage N. dimidiatum.
Bakırla Kirlenmiş Toprakların Xanthium strumarium L. Bitkisi Kullanılarak Fitoremediasyonu
(Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2018) Eren, abdullah
Antropojenik aktivite sonucu çevreye dâhil olan ağır metaller, toprak kirliliğine ve toprak kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadırlar. Ağır metallerin topraktan temizlenmesi için en uygun yöntemlerden biri olan fitoremediasyon yöntemi çevre dostu ve ekonomik bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışma, yapay olarak bakır (Cu) ile kirlenmiş topraktan, Xanthium strumarium L. (pıtrak) bitkisinin, fitoekstraksiyon etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Farklı dozlarda (0, 100, 200, 400 ve 800 mg Cu kg-1) Cu uygulanan toprakta 45 gün boyunca sera koşullarında pıtrak (Xanthium strumarium L.) bitkisi yetiştirilmiştir. Bitkilerin başta Cu konsantrasyonu olmak üzere klorofil içeriği, biyokütle üretimi, indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), bazı makro [azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg)] ve mikro [demir (Fe), çinko (Zn) ve manganez (Mn)] besin elementi konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Bakır uygulanmış bitkiler kontrol (0 mg Cu kg-1) bitkisi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Artan dozda Cu uygulamaları, Cu ve GSH konsantrasyonları hariç diğer ölçülen parametrelerde bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Sonuçlar, pıtrak bitkisinin, Cu ile kirlenmiş toprakların temizlenmesi için kullanılabileceğini ve fitoremediasyon yöntemine uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.
Biber (Capsicum annum L.) Bitkisinden İzole Edilen Endofitik Bakteri ve Topraktan İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Toprak Kökenli Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina ve Rhizoctonia solani’xxye Karşı Antagonistik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
(2017) Güler Güney, İnci; Güldür, Mehmet Ertuğrul
Forty-nine endophytic bacteria were isolated from pepper stem and crown and forty-nine bacteria from soil. Isolates were obtained from pepper grown fields of Bozova and Hilvan Districts of Şanlıurfa. Antagonistic effects of endophytic bacteria and soil-borne bacteria were in-vitro tested against Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani in petri dishes. Bacterial isolates from soil and endophytic bacteria revealed antagonistic activity of 79.37-20.22% and 81.69-33.47%, respectively against four pathogens.Statistically significant differences were found among the efficiencies against four different pathogens. Additionally, bacteria isolated from Bozova province were found to have higher antagonistic activity than those of Hilvan province. The antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria was found to be higher than that of bacterial isolates from soil. In later studies, effective endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper can be used against soilborne pathogens
Bipolaris sorokiniana associated with common root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Derviş, Sibel; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is the third most important crop in terms of global production, with an average annual production of almost 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons, after maize and rice. However, A complex of fungi attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem and significant yield reductions in wheat. Although most prevailing species in this complex can change yearly and regionally in dryland winter wheat production areas, Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the dominant species and causes spot blotch and common root rot (CRR) on wheat plants, especially in winter wheat varieties. Comprehensive surveys were conducted to identify B. sorokiniana associated with CRR of wheat throughout the main wheat-growing areas of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in 2017 and 2019, respectively. As a result of the classification of species based on morphological and molecular tools, 96 and 547 isolates were identified as B. sorokiniana for Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, respectively. All surveyed regions for these countries were contaminated with this pathogen. Some representative isolates of B. sorokiniana were tested for their ability to cause disease and produced moderate disease severities on cultivar Seri 82 (Triticum aestivum, bread wheat). The percent incidence of B. sorokiniana isolates in all isolates was 15.2% for Azerbaijan, whereas, for Kazakhstan, B. sorokiniana was the most frequently recovered species in the three regions surveyed, with an isolated frequency of 44.80%. The results of the current study provide crucial and helpful information to improve disease management strategies against CRR of wheat in these countries.
Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Bazı Mikroorganizmalar
(2009) Güler Güney, İnci; Güler Güney, İnci
Bitki gelişimini arttıran Rhizobium spp. , Azospirillum spp. ve Glomus spp. gibi mikroorganizmalar hastalık kontrolünde de etkili olmaktadır. Pseudomonas spp. ve Trichoderma spp. gibi biyolojik mücadele etmenlerinin ise bitki gelişimini teşvik ettikleri son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya konmuştur. Tarımsal ürünleri hastalıklara karşı korumak ve gelişimlerini arttırmak için, bu mikroorganizmaların uygun zamanda ve miktarlarda kullanımları sağlanmalıdır. Böylece kimyasal gübrelerin kullanımları sonucu oluşan problemler azaltılabilir. Bu derlemede, biyolojik gübre etmeni olarak kullanılan mikroorganizmaların hem bitki gelişimini teşvik etmeleri hem de biyolojik mücadelede kullanılmaları ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
THE CADMIUM PHYTOEXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF SCMTII GENE BEARING TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANT
(Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2010) Dağhan, Hatice; Arslan, Mehmet; Uygur, Veli; Köleli, Nurcan; Eren, abdullah
Cadmium pollution is a serious world-wide problem affecting the human health and the environmental quality. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to remove, sequester or detoxify pollutants offers an environmentally-friendly alternative to engineeringbased methods for remediation. The T2 generations of the ScMTII gene bearing transgenic and non-transgenic tobacco plants were grown hydroponically in Hoagland nutrition solution containing 0, 5 and 10 mg/L Cd in controlled growth room to determine their ability to uptake and accumulate Cd within the shoots and roots. There were no significant shoot and root dry weight differences between transgenic and non-transgenic tobacco plants. The ScMTII gene bearing transgenic tobacco plant accumulated 19.8% higher Cd than the non-transgenic tobacco plant in the above ground parts of the plant during the two weeks exposure period in hydroponic culture. In non-transgenic plant, however, Cd is accumulated mainly in the roots. The results of current study indicate that the use of the ScMTII gene bearing transgenic tobacco plant for Cd phytoremediation is limited. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of the ScMTII gene for phytoextraction of other heavy metal ions.
Correction to: Leaf spot caused by Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium in Turkey
(Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2022) Derviş, Sibel; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel
In August 2021, jimson weed (Datura stramonium) plants growing as weeds in potato fields in Bolu province, Turkey, exhibited leaf spots with dark concentric rings. Sunken and lens-shaped lesions with a light center were also frequently observed on petioles, branches, and stems. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the transcription elongation factor 1-α, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase loci, the causal agent was identified as Alternaria crassa. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from inoculated jimson weed plants in the pathogenicity assay, proving Koch’s postulates. Alternaria crassa caused necrotic lesions on potato plants, similar to those of early blight, confirming them as an alternative host of the pathogen. This is apparently the first report of leaf spot caused by A. crassa on jimson weed in Turkey.
THE EFFECTS OF NICKE L APPLICATIONS ON TH E GROWTH OF COCKLEBUR ( XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) PLANT
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019) Eren, abdullah
Nowadays the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is spreading all over the world, especially where the industry is developing rapidly, and soils are polluted very dramatically and hazardously at a high level. In this study, cocklebur-(Xanthium strumarium L.) plants were grown in nickel (Ni) contaminated soil (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg Ni kg-1) under greenhouse conditions for 6 weeks to study the ability of Ni uptake and accumulation of the plants. The Ni treated plants were compared with the control (0 mg Ni kg-1) plant. As a result of that comparison, chlorophyll levels of old and young leaves, dry weights, reduced glutathione (GSH), macronutrient concentrations, such as nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)) and micronutrient concentrations, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrient concentrations of the plants were decreased, whilst the concentrations of Ni and of copper (Cu) increased with increasing dose of Ni application. The results show that the studied plant (Xanthium strumarium L.) can be used for the cleaning up of Ni-contaminated soils and is suitable for phytoremediation.
Evaluation of inhibitory effect some bicarbonate carbonate salts against Neoscytalidium dimiatum
(2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkkan, Muharrem; Özer, Göksel; Derviş, Sibel; Erper, İsmail
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae family, has emerged as a significant pathogen causing canker and blight diseases in various fruit trees, field crops, park and forest trees, and other hosts. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is the only recognized species within the genus, with the other two previously recognized species, N. novaehollandiae and N. orchidacearum. There is no suggested chemical control method against Neoscytalidium. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of some salts on the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination of the N. dimidiatum isolate phylogenetically clustered with the isolates previously recognized as N. novaehollandiae. The antifungal effects of the salts were determined at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v) concentrations of salts in vitro conditions. Statistically, differences were observed between the inhibitory effects of six salts on the parameters at P ≤ 0.05. The 0.25% and higher concentrations of the ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate salts completely inhibited mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination. Potassium and sodium bicarbonate salts in the highest concentration (2.0%) were able to decrease the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination with the rates of 95.58%-95.58%, 95.05%-95.76% and 77.44%-82.91%, respectively. In addition, potassium and sodium carbonate were able to completely inhibit investigated factors of the pathogen at 2.0% and 1.0% concentrations, respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration values of the ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate varied between 0.25% and 2.0%. The minimum fungicidal concentration values of the ammonium carbonate and bicarbonate also ranged between 0.25% and 1.0%. As a result, this study showed that salts of carbonate and bicarbonate could be recommended to manage diseases caused by N. dimidiatum.
Factors influencing adaptation of innovations in small ruminant production in the TRC3 Region in Turkey
(Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2021) Acıbuca, Veysi
This study investigated the socio-economic factors affecting the adoption of innovation in small ruminant production in TRC3 region in Turkey. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 366 small ruminant farmers from the region. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect main data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descritive statistics, t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Results of the study showed that the farmers had a mean age of 45,8 years and 97,0% were male. Traditional production was dominant among the small ruminant producers and as the number of animal increases the income increases (p< 0,01). Out of twelve independent variables, eight of them were statistically significant on multiple linear regression analysis. The F-statistics was statistically significant at 1% level on communication behavior and animal health practices; 5% level on age, breeding reasons, milking way, produced products and fold type. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) value was estimated to be 0,470 this implies that 47,0% of total variation in the output of small ruminant production was accounted for by the independent variables that were fitted into the model. The main problems of small ruminant production were high feed prices, high deaths of lamps/goat, insufficient use of pastures because of security problems and lack of shepherd due to young people unwillingness to live in rural areas.
First report of Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt on lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) in Turkey(
(Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Koşar, İslim; Derviş, Sibel; Günen, Utku
[No abstract available]
First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing tuber rot of potato in Turkey
(Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan
[No abstract available]
First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae causing stem blight on tomato in Turkey
(Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan
[No abstract available]
Fungi isolated from cankered tissues of declining apricot trees in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel
Surveys were carried out in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016. Fungal and oomycetous diseases causing dieback and decline symptoms were investigated and locations where the diseases were prevalent were determined according to the districts in these provinces. Nine and 40 orchards were visited in Elazığ and Malatya during the course of the surveys. A total of 665 out of 5750 apricot trees were checked and the disease incidence was found to be 44% in the surveyed orchards. Out of isolates obtained from root and crown tissues of symptomatic trees, isolates obtained from cankered tissues were characterized according to their morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from representative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced and submitted to GenBank. NCBI BLAST results showed 98 to 100% similarity with the ITS sequences of many Clonostachys rosea f. rosea (Link : Fr.) Schroers et. al. 1999 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales), Sarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerb. 2011 (Ascomycetes, Incertae sedis) (Syn: Acremonium kiliense), Phoma sp. (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales), Entoleuca spp. (Ascomycetes, Xylariales) strains deposited in NCBI GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank and given accession numbers were MF536537 and MF536538 for C. rosea, MF536539 for S. kiliense, MF536540 and MF536541 for Phoma spp., and MF536542, MF536543, MF536544 and MF536545 for Entoleuca spp. isolates. Moreover, Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from inner tissues of necrotic branches and morphologically identified. However, pathogenicity of these isolates needs further investigations. If some isolates were not pathogenic, their endophytic or hperparasitic characteristics against pathogenic ones should be tested in order to fully exploit their potential for use as biological control agents.
Fusarium spp. associated with crown and root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Little is known about the distribution and prevalence of pathogens of underground parts of winter wheat in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In this study, a detailed survey study was conducted to assess the distribution of pathogen the country to generate information and understand disease dynamics, as well as to test the pathogenicity of the obtained species on a susceptible wheat cultivar.Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a primary source of calories and protein (Shiferaw et al. 2013), grown on 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons (FAOSTAT 2022). Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) provide a major contribution to the diets of humans and livestock in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, with an average annual production of about 1.82 million tons in a planted area of about 0.59 million ha and with 14.3 million tons produced on 12.1 million ha, respectively. Especially, Kazakhstan’s wheat yield (1182.5 ton/ha) falls far short of the global average (3474.4 ton/ha) due to biotic and abiotic stressors.The complex fungal species attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem, including damping-off, blight, necrosis, and dry rotting of the root, crown, sub-crown, and lower stem tissues, along with wilting and stunting of seedlings and mature wheat plants (Bockus et al. 2010), resulting in significant yield reductions in the major wheat-producing regions of the world (Gonzalez and Trevathan 2000).Template DNA was extracted from 50–100 mg of fungal powder using a DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF1-α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were amplified with EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998) and ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) primer sets, respectively.
GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) FROM MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019) Eren, abdullah; BARAN, Mehmet Fırat
In recent years, the biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the safest, most cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. For the characterization of synthesized AgNPs different techniques were used, such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermal gravimetric and Differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The XRD results showed that AgNPs had a mean diameter of 12.63 nm and a crystal-like appearance. In addition, antimicrobial activities of synthesized AgNPs were evaluated using 3 different antibiotics against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast. Antifungal activity of AgNPs with antibiotics has been observed to be better than the antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be 0.084, 0.337 and 0.021 mg mL-1 for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. The results revealed that AgNPs synthesized from maize leaf extract have antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans yeast, and that the produced AgNPs could be used in the production of biomedical products and in the pharmaceutical industry.
Herbalists and herbs in Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey
(Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture., 2021) Acıbuca, Veysi
In this study, interview technique (face to face) was used to collect data from 56 herbalists in three provinces of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey (Mardin, Diyarbakir and Sanliurfa). The main purpose of the study was to determine the education level, learning methods of their job, professional experiences, the parts of the plants used and the problems of the herbalists. The average age of the herbalists were 41,7 and majority of them had a high school diploma. They learned this job mainly from older family members or working at the herbal shop. They mainly obtained their products from local people and wholesalers. Especially spices, food supplements, treatments, cosmetic and weight loss products were sold by herbalists.

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