TR-Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/1836

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Abu Ubayd’s Understanding Of Naskh;
(Hitit University, 2022) Yaşar, M.A.; Nas, T.
In the period when Islamic sciences were formed, a large number of scholars with absolute ijtihad capacity were trained. One of the scholars mentioned is Abu ‘Ubayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām al-Khurāsānī al-Harawī who was educated by many famous scholars of the period, had a great influence on both the scientific and political circles. For this reason, he could not be shared by different sect biographers. As a matter of fact, some Shafi’i tabaqat writers counted Ebû Ubeyd as a follower of Imam Shafii. On the other hand, some Hanbali scholars have mentioned Ebû Ubeyd among the class of Hanbali scholars. However, it was concluded that it would be more correct to see Ebû Ubeyd as an independent mujtahid rather than a follower of any madhhab. For, in his own works, the fact that he refers more to Imam Malik rather than Imam Shafii and Ahmad ibn Hanbal and sometimes refers to the views of Abu Hanifa and Imamey indicates this. Ebû Ubeyd, who came to the forefront with his faqih and muhaddis aspects, had a deep knowledge of the subject of naskh, which has a close relationship with these two sciences, and in this regard, he wrote a rare work called en-Nâsiḫ ve’l-mensûḫ fi’l-Ḳurʾâni’lʿazîz ve mâ fîhi mine’l-ferâʾiż ve’s-sünen. While revealing Ebû Ubeyd’s understanding of naskh, his work en-Nâsiḫ ve’l-mensûḫ was used as the main source. In addition to this, his other works related to the subject, especially his work called Kitâbu’l-emvâl, were among the first hand sources that were consulted. It has been tried to determine his approach to naskh based on the statements he made on the subject and the examples he gave in this regard. In this context, Ebû Ubeyd’s approach to the nature and framework of naskh and his views on the evidences that can abrogate each other are examined in this study. Ebû Ubeyd discussed the abrogation in a broader sense as “the modification of a shar’i ruling by a later evidence”, not the established meaning in the methodology as “removal of a shar’i ruling with a later shar’i proof”. In this context, naskh is also used for the allocation of public, the denial of the absolute, the statement of conciseness, the correction of a wrong understanding and the exception made from a general rule. This is known as the understanding of naskh among the companions, tābi‘īn and early convert scholars. However, although Ebû Ubeyd is at the same age as Imam Shafii and has copied and benefited from his works, it is noteworthy that he preferred the predecessor’s approach to the subject rather than the naskh understanding he adopted. It is important to investigate this. He adopted the approach of the public regarding the Shari’a evidences of Ebû Ubeyd that could naskh each other. According to him, the verses of the Qur’an can naskh each other. He gave many examples of this. Another point that draws attention here is to ascribe the concept of naskh used for the verse of the Qur’an by Ebû Ubeyd, from the Lawh-i Mahfuz, in the form of a verse whose recitation is lasting and its meaning is naskhed, and a verse that is removed from people’s hearts by canceling both its recitation and used in different meanings. Ebû Ubeyd stated that sunnah can be naskhed with sunnah, without making any distinction between ahad and mutawatir about sunnah and its naskh. However, despite giving many examples of the naskh of the âhâd sunnah with its own like, no example has been encountered of the naskh of the âhâd sunnah with its own like or with âhâd and the âhâd sunnah with the mutawatir sunnah. As it can be understood from my statements on the subject, Ebû Ubeyd saw that it is permissible to naskh both mutawatir and ahad sunnah with the Qur’an. However, while there is an example for the naskh of the ahad sunnah with the Qur’an in his related works, there is no example for the other. Although there is no clear statement on the issue that the Qur’an can be naskhed with the sunnah, it is understood from some examples that he gives permission for this. © Published by Hitit Ü niversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi – Hitit University Divinity Faculty, Çorum, Turkey. All rights reserved.
Açık Bir Ekonomide Toplam İstikrarsızlığın Test Edilmesi
(2022) Yılmaz, Yusuf Ömür
Bu makale, alternatif para politikası kuralları altında pozitif uzun vadeli enflasyon oranı ve güneş lekesi şoku içeren küçük bir açık ekonomi Yeni-Keynesyen modeli kullanarak 2010 ve 2016 yılları arasında Türk ekonomisinin istikrarını ampirik olarak test etmektedir. Belirsizlik olasılıklarının bire çok yakın olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu dönemde ekonominin istikrarsız olduğu sonucuna varılabilir çünkü Merkez Bankası'nın enflasyona zayıf tepki vermesine rağmen uzun vadeli enflasyon oranı yüksek tek hanelidir. Bu durum ekonomiyi genel istikrarsızlığa sürüklemiştir.
Afet Sonrası Acil Eylem Planı Olarak Eğitim Amaçlı Kullanılan Prefabrik Yapıların Sürdürülebilirliği
(Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi (AFAD), 2024) Ergün, Ruşen; Kutlu, Izzettın; Bekar, İrem
Türkiye’de 06 Şubat 2023 tarihinde yaşanan Kahramanmaraş depremleri, etkili olduğu bölgelerde eğitim süreçlerini uzun süre aksatmıştır. Depremlerin ardından, eğitim amaçlı birçok prefabrik yapı kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Çalışma, prefabrik eğitim yapılarının sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik öneriler geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilirlik sertifikasyon sistemlerinin değerlendirme kritlerleri ortaya konmuş ve prefabrik Diyarbakır Bağlar Anadolu Lisesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, prefabrik yapıların malzeme ve kaynak ile iç mekan ortam kalitesi gibi kriterlerde olumlu değerlendirme puanları aldığını ancak enerji ve yenilik kriterleri açısından oldukça zayıf kaldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca başta gürültü olmak üzere kirlilik kriterine yönelik alınan önlemlerin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada afet sonrası inşa edilecek prefabrik eğitim binalarına yönelik öneriler sunulmuş ve hızlı bir çözüm sunan prefabrik yapıların, uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri doğrultusunda kapsamlı değerlendirilmelerinin yapılması gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Alışkan Formasyonlu Modelde Reel Döviz Kuru Dinamiği
(2021) Yılmaz, Yusuf Ömür
Ampirik bulgular, reel döviz kurlarının hörgüç şeklinde dinamikler sergilediğini\rgöstermektedir. Fakat modern açık ekonomi modelleri çoğu zaman bu dinamikleri tahmin\redememektedir. Bu çalışmada, alışkanlık sürekliliği parametresi kullanılarak küçük açık\rekonomi modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model, risk paylaşım takozlu eksik bir piyasada\ralternatif para politikası kuralları altında standart para politikası şokuna cevaben reel döviz kuru\rdinamiklerini anlamamıza yardımcı olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, modele daha yüksek bir\ralışkanlık sürekliliği parametresinin dahil edilmesinin, standart ve ataletli Taylor kuralları\raltında reel döviz kurlarının hörgüç şeklindeki dinamiklerinin tahmin edilmesine yardımcı\rolduğunu göstermektedir. Aynı analizler, portföy uyarlama maliyetli eksik bir piyasada\rtekrarlanmış ve standart Taylor kuralında ilk dönemler hariç önceki analizlere benzer sonuçlar\rbulunmuştur.
Aqp1 ve Aqp3 Membran Proteinleri ile Mandibulada Hücresel ve Fizyolojik Dejenerasyon İlişkisinin Araştırılması
(2020) Çiçek, Mustafa; Tümer, Mehmet Kemal; Unsal, Velid
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, aquaporin-1 ve aquaporin-3 pro teinlerinin ekspresyonunun neden olduğu mandibularkemik üzerindeki oksidatif stres seviyelerindeki ve anti oksidan enzim aktivitelerindeki değişiklikleri araştırmayıamaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 14 Balb/C beyaz fare genç veya yaşlıolup olmadıklarına göre yedişer iki gruba ayrıldı. Biyo kimyasal, histolojik analiz için mandibular doku örneklerialındı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızın bulguları, AQP-1 ve AQP-3 immü noreaktivitesinin, yaşlı farelerin mandibular kemik doku larında, genç farelere kıyasla anlamlı olarak azaldığınıgöstermiştir (p < 0.05). Oksidatif stresin göstergesi olanMDA ve AOPP düzeyleri yaşlı farelerde artmış ve antiok sidan savunma sistemi SOD enzim aktivitesi düşmüştür(p < 0.05). Enflamasyonun göstergesi olan TNF-α sitokinseviyesinin yaşlı farelerde genç farelere göre daha yüksekolduğu bulunmuştur. (p < 0.05). Sonuç: Doğal yaşlanma sürecinde meydana gelen hücre sel hasar, su – elektrolit dengesinde bozulma ve artmışenflamasyonun ciddi ve geri dönüşü olmayan bozukluk lara neden olduğu görülmüştür.
Arap Şiirinde Mardin’e Dair Bazı Yansımalar
(2019) Akçay, Halil
Bu çalışmamızda, ulaşılabilen kaynaklardan tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla Mardin’le ilgili yazılan şiirler ele alınmıştır. Mardin, gerek İslam fethinden önce gerek fetihten sonra Arapların yoğun göçü sonrasında Araplar için önemli bir kent haline gelmiştir. Bu husus, Mardin’in Araplarla olan coğrafi ve ticari bağlantısını güçlendirdiği gibi kültürel anlamda da aralarında bir yakınlık oluşturmuştur. Bu ve başka yönleri itibariyle Mardin, Arap şairlerinin dikkatlerini celbetmiştir. Çalışmamızda tarihi, kültürel ve sosyal yönleriyle Mardin hakkında kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra ortaya konan şiirler, Mardin’in tarihî, ilmî, sosyal ve kültürel durumuna ışık tutan hususlar açısından incelenmiş, anlam ve ön plana çıkan edebî sanatlar yönünden değerlendirilmiştir.
Bedouin Bureaucrats: Mobility and Property in the Ottoman Empire.
(Burhan Caglar, 2024) Ciftci, Erdal
This monograph examines the imperial nation-building process in the latter half of the nineteenth century, centering on tent-dwelling Bedouin tribes of inner Syria, predominantly in the Transjordan region. Investigating interactions among Bedouin chiefs, commercial-capitalists, urban elites, and Ottoman officials from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century, it illustrates the central role of Bedouin bureaucrats in fostering mutually beneficial relationships within or outside the state sphere.
Biosorption Studies of Mushrooms for Two Typical Dyes
(Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 2020) Yıldırım, Ayfer; Acay, Hilal
This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) onto Pleurotus ostreatus, Armillaria tabescens, and Morchella conica mushrooms. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH (3-11) were also determined. The adsorption on all mushrooms attained equilibrium within 120 min for both MB and MG. To evaluate the experimental kinetics data, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetics equations were utilised. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model demonstrated a good fit with all adsorption kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyse the mechanism of the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm was in a good agreement with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH enthalpy variation, ΔS entropy variation, and ΔG free Gibbs energy variation were calculated at 303-323 K. The results suggested that the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom was the most suitable adsorbent for both cationic dyes’ removal.
Characterization of Durum Wheat (triticum durum L.) Landraces Regarding To Some Agronomic Traits
(Univ Namik Kemal, 2023) Durmaz, Abdurrahman; Aktas, Husnu
This research was conducted in 2019-20 wheat growing season under rainfall condition of Mardin - Artuklu province. 80 durum wheat landraces originated from Southeast Anatolia and 10 registered durum wheat cultivars were evaluated according to Augmented Trail Design. 20 landraces and 10 cultivars were used for each bloc. We determined large variations in durum wheat landraces for observed traits. Results indicated that mean of observed traits of landraces and varieties were ranged between 229 kg/da - 371 kg/da for grain yield; 1313 kg/kg - 1218 kg/kg for biomass, 18.02 % - 14.94 % for grain protein content. Mean thousand kernel weight of landraces and standard varieties changed between 42.9 g and 40.15 g; heading days ranged from 117.8 to 111 days respectively. According to observed data, landraces had longer heading days and grain stage and also higher grain protein content and biomass compare to standard varieties. Results of this study showed that landraces has high potential to increase biomass and grain protein content and they can be used as a genitor in wheat breeding programs to improving desirable durum wheat genotypes. Observation according to GGE biplot methodology (which-wonwhere) indicated that ST8 (Check) and G80 (landrace) have high values for grain yield, number of seed pers spike, seed weight per spike while G8 (landrace) showed high values for thousand grain weight, length of peduncle, plant height, grain protein content, biomass and heading days. Obtained results from this study indicated that landraces should be preserved for sustainable agriculture activities specially for marginal areas, also they have high diversity and useful traits for national and international wheat breeding programs.
Comparison Of Different Life Stages Of Total, Phospholipid And Triacylglycerol Fatty Acids Of Lucilia Sericata
(ABADER (Adıyaman Bilimsel Arastırmalar Dernegi), 2021) Kizmaz, V.
Lucilia sericata, which belongs to the Calliphoridae family (Diptera), is used as a debridement tool in open necrotic wounds that do not respond to conventional treatments. Knowing the total, phospholipid (PL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid content of L. sericata fly, which is important for health, in its different stages is important both in terms of taxonomy and physiology. After L. sericata samples used in the study were obtained commercially, they were bred under laboratory conditions and then the fatty acids in different stages were analyzed by gas chromatography. Sixteen fatty acids are determined as a result of the analysis. When individual fatty acids are considered, Palmitic acid (16:0), Palmitoleic Acid (16:1n-7), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and Linoleic Acid (18:2n-6) were found to be major ones, while the others are detected in trace amounts. It is determined that, out of total, PL and TAG, saturated fatty acids (SFA) are found at a high percentage in the eggs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are the highest in the larvae, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are the highest in fly and pupa. Furthermore, out of total, PL and TAG, ∑PUFA is at a low percentage in the egg and the larval stages. Different results are found at different stages in this study. This may be because fatty acid percentages that change during metamorphosis meet different physiological needs at different phases. © 2021, ABADER (Adıyaman Bilimsel Arastırmalar Dernegi). All rights reserved.
Description of Quantum Physics From the Perspective of Fuzzy Logic;
(Hitit University, 2024) Koçhan, M.
The end of the 19th century corresponds to a period in which different problem areas emerged in the field of physics, characterised as classical or modern physics, which contain different structural features that cannot be explained with the assumptions of Newtonian physics. As a result of the studies carried out to solve these problems, a new type of physics, called “-quantum physics-“, emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, based on principles different from those of classical physics. The study of the behaviour of objects in the subatomic universe was the interest of quantum physics. The atom, once regarded as indivisible by Newton, became the object of quantum physics studies, which enabled it to be broken down into smaller parts and thus penetrated. Quantum physics changed the approach of modern physics to the universe, which was based on the assumption that it consisted of fixed and completely isolated fundamental particles, and led to the emergence of the idea that relational processes, not isolation, were dominant among the particles that made up the universe. This physics discovered the existence of new phenomena in the subatomic universe that did not fit the mechanistic-deterministic approach considered characteristic of the macro-universe. The emergence of these discoveries required a radical change in the fundamental concepts of “space”, “time”, “object”, “observer”, “measurement”, “effect”, “locality” and “interaction”, which classical physics was based on. This is because the nature of the phenomena that quantum physics draws attention to in the micro-universe does not coincide with the assumptions of classical physics regarding these concepts. This non-overlapping situation is essentially because the phenomena occurring in both fields arise according to different logical schemes. Classical mechanics is based on the fundamental principles of classical logic. However, the phenomena to which quantum physics refers do not conform to the basic principles of classical logic. In this respect, the findings of quantum physics cannot be understood using the structure of thought based on classical logical principles. Today, however, it seems possible to make this interpretation from the perspective of the fuzzy logic paradigm, which puts vagueness, the main focus of quantum physics, on its agenda. Today, the concept of vagueness has been incorporated into the scientific process. Parallel to quantum theory's positioning of vagueness as a principle, fuzzy logic has also integrated vagueness in all knowledge processes and included it in its structure not as a situation to be avoided, but as a situation to be evaluated. In this sense, this study aims to demonstrate that the basic principles of quantum physics, which cannot be adequately described by the classical mode of thought shaped by the principles of classical logic, can instead be depicted from the perspective of fuzzy logic, which has created a significant area of application in the field of engineering, especially in artificial intelligence studies. In this direction, this study first discusses the process that led to the emergence of quantum physics in general and proceeds to present its basic principles based on the views of the Copenhagen School, which has become the standard view of quantum physics. After mentioning that the phenomena outlined by quantum physics cannot be described within the limits of the three basic principles of classical logic, this study presents the fuzzy logic system as it makes such a description possible. Finally, this study attempts to illustrate in which contexts the basic principles of quantum physics can be associated with fuzzy logic theory. As a result of this investigation, this study reiterates that quantum physics can sufficiently be described from the perspective of fuzzy logic. One of the main goals of revealing this relationship is to create an important basis for philosophical activity. Just as Newtonian physics, one of the major developments that determined the paradigm of modern science, was based on classical logic, and in turn, classical logic provided a framework for philosophical ways of thinking influenced by classical physics, revealing the relationship between quantum physics and fuzzy logic will indicate that fuzzy logic can provide a framework for philosophical ways of thinking that will complement quantum physics. In this respect, this study aims to demonstrate that quantum physics and fuzzy logic accompany each other in the scientific realm. © 2024, Hitit University. All rights reserved.
The Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Amylase, Electrolytes, Vitamins and Nitrosative Stress Levels in Rats Treated with Maras Powder
(Eastern Journal of Medicine, 2020) Unsal, Velid; Belge Kurutaş, Ergül
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on amylase, electrolytes, vitamins and nitrosative stress levels in the plasma of rats treated with smokeless tobacco "maras powder". Our study consisted of three groups. Control (n = 10), the group using maras powder (n = 10), maras powder+ NAC group. To the Maras powder group, 200 mg maras powder was placed in the sublingual area under general anesthesia. It was waited for 15 minutes for Maras powder to be absorbed through mucosa. This procedure was repeated once a day and for 7 days. To the NAC group, 200 mg of Maras powder was given as in the Maras powder group and NAC was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 100 mg / kg / day. On the 8th day, the levels of amylase, vitamins (A, C and E), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- ) and, as the biomarkers of nitrosative stress, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrotyrosine (3-NTx) in the plasma of all three groups were measured by the methods of ELISA. It was determined that amylase, 3-NTx, NO, electrolyte levels increased in the group using Maras powder compared to the control and NAC groups, but vitamin levels decreased. (p <0.05). It was detected that the levels of amylase, 3-NTx, NO, electrolyte in the group treated with NAC decreased compared to the group using Maras powder, whereas vitamin levels significantly increased and approached to the values of the control group. Smokeless tobacco 'Maras powder' increases nitrosative stress and distorts the levels of vitamin A, E, C and electrolyte in the plasma. NAC has a positive function in reducing the damage caused by Maras powder.
The Effect Of Training According To Students' Learning Styles On Their Ability To Make Nursing Diagnoses: A Quasi-experimental Study;
(Ataturk Universitesi, 2024) Kurtgöz, A.; Keskin, H.; Keskin Kiziltepe, S.
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of training according to students’ learning styles on their ability to make nursing diagnoses. Methods: The study was conducted as a one-group quasi-experimental study with pre and post-test design between April and September 2022. The research was carried out with 63 second-year students studying in the nursing department of a public university. The participants’ learning styles were identified using the VARK Learning Styles Inventory. The Case Diagnosis Form (pre-test) was applied to the participants and they were asked to determine the nursing diagnoses related to the case example. They were divided into groups according to their learning styles. They were trained on the nursing diagnoses and diagnosing process according to their learning styles. Three weeks after the training, the Case Diagnosis Form was applied to them again (post-test). Results: It was found that 71.4% of students had multiple learning styles, 74.6% had problems applying the nursing process, and 73% had problems determining nursing diagnoses. It was determined that the post-test mean scores of the participants increased significantly after the trainings compared to the pre-test mean scores (P<.001). There was no difference between pre and post-test mean scores according to the descriptive characteristics of the participants (P>.05). Conclusion: The training students according to their learning styles improved their ability to make nursing diagnoses. Taking into account the learning styles of students and using different teaching strategies in their education in line with this can help improve students' ability to make nursing diagnoses. © 2024, Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved.
The Effectiveness of Online Learning and Teaching of Arabic as a Foreign Language in Turkish Universities
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2023) Müezzin, A.D.; Jesry, M.; Ateek, M.; Heron, M.; Abdullah, A.; Ajam, S.
Since (and particularly during) the Covid-19 pandemic, online teaching and learning methods have been adopted worldwide by educational institutions to meet the needs of students; Teaching Arabic as a foreign language is no exception. This study aims to investigate learners' and teachers' perceptions of learning and teaching Arabic as a foreign language online and the extent to which online learning supported the development of learner autonomy. This study was conducted at two Turkish universities that teach Arabic language as a foreign language. Data was collected through semi-structured online interviews with teachers and students of Arabic and diaries from teachers and students. Findings suggest that although online education promoted learner autonomy, it complements face-to-face education rather than replaces it. Findings also reveal that social media has a role in supporting online learning and that there is a need for more training for teachers in technology and curriculum. Based on the results, a set of pedagogical implications and recommendations for language teachers and policy makers are discussed. © 2023 Istanbul Universitesi. All rights reserved.
An Evaluation of Abrogated Verses From the Perspectives of Acceptance and Rejection
(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac theology, 2024) Ensari, Abdurrahman
Within the works on Qur'anic sciences, the sections of abrogation in the Qur'an embody an explicit classification among the three categories: 'Abrogated Verses with Persistent Ruling,' 'Persistent Verses with Abrogated Ruling,' and 'Verses Abrogated both in Recitation and Ruling.' The verses that are abrogated both in recitation and ruling are not extant in Qur'an's corpus. The indication of the existence of such verses is based on isolated narrations (ahad hadiths) on this matter. It must be noted that the existence of isolated narrations can't be deemed as a valid indicator of abrogation in recitation of any Qur'anic verse in literal terms. Likewise, verses that are abrogated in recitation are not eligible for being classified as Qur'anic verse in literal terms as they lack the criteria of mass transmission. This situation has led some researchers to strive to prove that there are no verses that are abrogated in recitation. Another group asserts the presence of abrogated recitation verses based on authentic hadiths. In both cases, a problem arises that needs to be addressed. To claim that there are no abrogated recitation verses necessitates rejecting the authentic hadiths on this matter due to the argument that they are isolated (ahad). On the other hand, asserting the existence of abrogated recitation verses also requires referring to a non-mass transmitted (mutawatir) and not present in verbatim of Qur'an. The research has revealed that no study has been conducted to provide a solution to this problem. Hence, this study aims to address and resolve the aforementioned problem. As a conclusion of this study, it is understood that those who deny the existence of abrogated recitation verses are concerned that accepting them could potentially harm the conceptual integrity of the Qur'an. As a result, they make efforts to reject the evidence presented by others. However, it has been observed that none of those who claim the existence of abrogated recitation verses assert that these verses are Qur'anic verses in a conceptual sense. It is understood that what they mean by the recitation of abrogated verses includes the portion of the Book, from its revelation until it is compiled into the Mushaf." It is understood that some verses from this Book have been abrogated in recitation, and the ones mentioned in the hadiths are these verses. The existence of these verses is established by authentic hadiths, and since they are not conceptual Qur'anic verses, the condition of mass transmission (tawatur) is not required for their validity. Hence, it is observed that the verses that are titled "verses abrogated in recitation" are not Qur'anic verses in literal terms that bears authenticity through mass transmission. Instead, their authenticity is proved through authentic sunna, and they are abrogated through sunna as well. It is concluded that two distinct approaches remarkably stem from the difference in authors' discourse depending on the conceptual/terminological application or the lexical meaning of the vocable "verse".
An Evaluation on Metaphorical Definitions of Mu'tazila Methodologists
(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac theology, 2024) Akan, Yasin
Some concepts discussed in the field of religion have been the subjects of more than one discipline; and these concepts have been studied from different perspectives in each discipline. Literal meaning and metaphor, which have an important place in understanding the religious rules (religious nas), are such concepts. Although literal meaning and metaphor seem to be solely linguistic concepts, they have substantially become the subjects of many religious disciplines. Jurisprudence methodology is one of the basic religious disciplines that intensively use these concepts. Although there was no definition of metaphor in the early language sources, it has been generally accepted as "the use of words other than the meaning given in the language". Imam Shafii (d. 204/820), the author of the first work of Islamic jurisprudence methodology that has survived to the present day, and Jahiz (d. 255/869), Abu Ali al-Jubbai (d. 303/916) and Abu Hashim al-Jubbai (d.. 321/933) also used metaphor without defining the concept while basing their views. Two definitions about metaphor were narrated from Abu Abdullah al-Basri (d. 369/979-80), one of the kalam methodologists, and who first made a definition of metaphor. Although the definitions made by Abu Abdullah had a significant impact on the definitions of later jurisprudence methodologists, his close methodology scholar followers did not accept these definitions. While Jessas (d. 370/981) and Baqillani (d. 403/1013), made a simple definition that does not include intellectual considerations, Abu l-Husayn al-Basri(d. 436/1044), one of the Mu'tazila methodologists, developed a complex definition that includes theological considerations regarding metaphor. In his definition, Abu l-Husayn first pointed out that the type of address is one of the basic determining factors in order to reveal that the word is used in a metaphorical sense. In his definition, Abu l-Husayn, secondly, pointed out that the metaphoric meaning of the word, as well as its literal meaning, is made within the linguistic rules. In addition, although Abu l-Husayn did not express it clearly in his definition, in his evaluations within the framework of the subject, he emphasized that the presumption is one of the main determining factors in order to reveal that the word is used in a metaphorical sense. According to him, only if there is a presumption that prevents the use of the word in its literal sense, is the word taken to have a figurative meaning. In this study, which is about the metaphor definitions of Mu'tazila methodologists, first of all, the metaphor definitions put forward by linguists and jurisprudence methodology scholars other than Mu'tazila in the first five centuries were examined. Then, the metaphoric definitions of Mu'tazila methodologists were evaluated. Among the metaphorical definitions of Mu'tazila scholars, the definition of Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri, which takes into account the intellectual considerations of the school, was closely examined. Since the definition of Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, one of the Mu'tazila thinkers, reflecting his understanding of metaphor has not survived to the present day, his views were also examined while examining Ebu'l-Husayn's definition. Thus, it was revealed that Ebu'l-Husayn's definition of metaphor, which contains intense theological considerations in the field of jurisprudence, is basically based on Qadi Abd al-Jabbar. Finally, in our study, the effect of the definition of metaphor conveyed by Abu'l-Husayn on the methodologists of other schools was also revealed. It was stated that this definition was accepted by Fakhr al-din al-Razi (d. 606/1210), one of the methodologists in question, and Razi's views within the framework of this definition were discussed on the intellectual basis of Mu'tazila.
Examining Teachers’ Opinions Related To Distance Education in the Covid-19 Process
(T.C. Milli Egitim Bakanligi, 2020) Demir, F.; Özdaş, F.
In this study, it is aimed to examine the opinions of teachers regarding the distance education activities in primary school in Covid 19 process. The research is designed as a case study. In the research, an open-ended questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool. The data obtained were analyzed with content analysis. Typical case sampling method was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 44 teachers working in different primary schools. According to the results of the research, teachers carried out educational activities such as preparing for distance education, sharing with students, giving online lessons, communicating with parents and students, and monitoring students during the Covid-19 process. Teachers carried out distance education activities by using computer, internet, communication tools and various messaging programs, communicating with parents and students, directing and following students, and using EBA and various online platforms. They evaluated the training activities in the Covid-19 process in three different ways: satisfactory, inconvenient and limited. They encountered problems related to infrastructure, participation, planning, communication, uncertainty and EBA platform in distance education activities. They made suggestions about the infrastructure of the EBA platform, preparation for the process, planning of the process, content used in education and implementation of the activities. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
Fe3O4@SA MNCs Synthesis, Characterization, and First-time Use in Hydrogen Production by NaBH4 Hydrolysis
(Turkish Chemical Society, 2024) Umaz, Adil
Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier that will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to reducing the harmful effects on the environment resulting from using fossil fuels. Hydrogen is produced by the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4), one of the chemical hydrides, using a catalyst. In this study, Fe3O4@Salicylic acid magnetic nano-catalyst (Fe3O4@SA MNCs) was synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. The structural, physical, and chemical properties of the produced Fe3O4@SA MNCs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM, SEM, and SEM-EDX methods. At room temperature, the effect on hydrogen production performance was examined in the amounts of Fe3O4@SA MNCs (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg), NaOH (0, 10, 20, and 25 mg), and NaBH4 (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg). The highest hydrogen generation rates (HGR) were obtained using 10 mg Fe3O4@SA MNCs, 150 mg NaBH4, and 0 mg NaOH at room temperature. The obtained HGR value was calculated as 400 mL gcat-1.min-1. Fe3O4@SA MNCs were used for hydrogen production for the first time in this study. This study showed that Fe3O4@SA MNCs exhibit catalytic properties and are a promising, efficient catalyst in hydrogen production from NaBH4.
Inferior Turbinate Variations: a Radioanatomic Study
(AVES, 2022) Demir, B.T.; Sarı, N.; Çankal, F.
Objective: Although inferior turbinate variations are asymptomatic in most cases, symptoms may occur due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy or nasal cavity obstruction. They may even play a role in rhinogenic headache or allergic fungal sinusitis. This study, which has been studied very little and is not found much in the literature, was carried out to investigate and clinically evaluate inferior turbinate variations, Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 376 patients, 176 women (44.8%) and 200 men (50.9%), with a mean age of 36.73 ± 11.62 years, who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography. Inferior turbinate variations were evaluated in the sections. Results: It was determined that 4.5% (n = 17) of the patients had inferior turbinate variation and 95.5% (n = 359) had no variation. Anatomical variations of inferior turbinate on paranasal sinus computed tomography scan of the 376 patients were examined: serrated 10 (2.5%), bullous 3 (0.8%), paradoxical 1 (0.3%), accessory bifid 2 (0.5%), and hypoplasia 1 (0.3%). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that inferior turbinate variations were more prevalent than expected, and accessory bifid, serrated, and paradoxical subgroups, which have been reported to be very rare in the literature, were more commonly seen than expected. © Author(s).
Investigation Of Causality Relations Between Developments İn Participation Banking And Economic Growth İn Turkey: Toda-yama-moto Approach;
(Hitit University, 2021) Emek, Ö.F.
The contribution and impact of developments in banking and finance to economic growth has been discussed in the literature for many years and various empirical analyzes are made regarding this. Four different theoretical approaches have been developed on the subject, which are stated as supply-oriented, demand-driven, interdependence and neutrality hypothesis. The analyzes carried out to test these theoretical approaches give different results due to different conditions. For this reason, an agreed approach has not been formed. However, the general trend is that financial development and deepening have some effects on economic growth. Islamic banks, which are described as alternative or complementary, operating in the financial sector, are likely to yield similar results. It is observed that empirical studies that examine the effects of developments in the field of participation banking on economic growth in Turkey have started to gain importance especially in recent years. The period range dealt with in these studies generally covers time series data starting from the 2000s. It is noteworthy that the variables taken into account in this type of bank are mostly deposits collected and loans granted. In addition to these, it was tested whether variables such as total assets, own funds, net operating profits have a significant relationship on economic growth. In these studies, which tests such as Johansen cointegration, ARDL boundary test, Vector error correction models (VECM) and Granger causality, it has been investigated whether there is a short / long-term relationship and causality between the developments in participation banking and economic growth. According to the results obtained, again, the general trend is that the developments in the participation banking field have a positive effect on economic growth and there is a causal relationship between them. It can be easily said that these types of banks in Turkey are still in the development phase and that the restructuring in this area will contribute to sustainable economic growth. Considering the empirical studies that examine the relationship between the developments in Islamic banking and economic growth on the basis of other country and country groups, it is seen that the literature has started to take shape in recent years. Studies on countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Pakistan, where activities in Islamic banking are concentrated, are gaining weight. In these studies, the short / long term effects of the total loans, which are mostly granted, on the GDP and the causality relations are examined. Similar to the findings obtained in Turkey, meaningful relationships have been determined that the activities in the field of Islamic banking have a share in economic growth. In this respect, studies on Turkey and other countries give almost compatible results. The increase in activities in Islamic banking and the effort to gain a significant place in financial development necessitate the examination and questioning of the effects of these types of banks in every field. In this respect, it is expected that the activities in the field of Islamic banking will become increasingly popular among the fields of study. It should be noted that the literature on the effects of Islamic banking activities on economic growth compared to traditional banks is much more recent. Studies based on the effects of its activities in Turkey are extremely limited. It is expected that this study, conducted in the case of Turkey, will contribute to this gap in the literature. The aim of this study is to examine the causality relationship between funds collected and loans granted in Turkey between 2010 and 2020, representing the developments in the field of Islamic banking, with economic growth. For this, Toda-Yamamoto causality test was used, which allows analysis according to all kinds of stationarity levels of the series among various causality tests, and the findings obtained were interpreted. According to the findings obtained from the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, the existence of a one-way causality from total consumer loans to GDP was determined. However, no causality relationship could be determined between real person participation accounts and GDP. Considering that the weighted variable used to represent the developments in Islamic banking in the literature is “total loans offered to the private sector and consumers”, the existence of causality from the total consumer loans identified in the study to GDP is shows the effect of consumer loans on economic growth. Copyright © Published by Hittite Journal of Theology New Issue - Hitit University Divinity Faculty, Çorum, Turkey. All rights reserved.

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