Vergi Politikası, Devletin Ekonomiye Müdahalesi ve Mülkiyet Hakları Bağlamında Uygarlıkların Yıkılışı: İbn Haldun’un Mukaddime'si Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
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Date
2022
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Liberal Düşünce
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Abstract
İbn Haldun’un Mukaddime adlı eseri tarih, tarih felsefesi, sosyoloji, siyaset, yönetim,
vd. ilim sahalarının yanı sıra hem iktisada hem de politik iktisada ilişkin de zengin bir
muhteva sunmaktadır. İbn Haldun’a göre bir uygarlığın kalkınmasını ve gelişmesini
sağlayacak unsurlardan bazıları serbest piyasa ve dışa açık bir uluslararası ticaret
yapısı, optimal vergi oranları, istikrarlı ve bağımsız bir para otoritesi, adalet ve mülkiyet haklarının temini, toplumun yenilikçi yapısı, bağımsız düşünmeye dayalı eğitim
sistemidir. İbn Haldun’un iktisadi düşüncesinin hareket noktası üretim ve istihdam
artışını sağlayacak mekanizmaların devreye konulmasıdır. İbn Haldun, üretimi engelleyen her türlü formel ve informel yapıya, hükümetlerin fiyatlara müdahalesine,
monopol bir piyasa yapısının oluşturulma çabalarına şiddetle karşı çıkmaktadır. İbn
Haldun, bir devletin kurulması için asabiyet ve mal/para gibi iki unsurun zorunlu olduğunu ifade eder. İbn Haldun’a göre devletin bozulmasına ve çöküşüne neden olan
esaslar bu iki unsurun zayıflığından ileri gelir. Yapılan çalışmada, bir diğer kurucusu
unsur olan, mal/para konusu ele alınmıştır.
Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah offers rich content regarding history, philosophy of history, sociology, politics, management, etc. as well as economics and political economy. According to Ibn Khaldun, some of the factors that ensure development of a civilization are a free market and outward-oriented international trade structure, optimal tax rates, a stable and independent monetary authority, provision of justice and property rights, innovative social structure, and education system based on thinking independently. The starting point of Ibn Khaldun’ economic thought is to put into action the mechanisms that can ensure production and increase in employment. Ibn Khaldun strongly opposes any formal or informal structure that prevent production, price intervention of governments, and the efforts to establish a monopoly market structure. Ibn Khaldun expresses that two factors which are asabiyyah and goods/money are mandatory for establishing a state. To him, the main factors leading a state to get destroyed and collapse are associated with the weakness of these two factors. The study discusses the topic of goods/money that is another founding factor.
Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah offers rich content regarding history, philosophy of history, sociology, politics, management, etc. as well as economics and political economy. According to Ibn Khaldun, some of the factors that ensure development of a civilization are a free market and outward-oriented international trade structure, optimal tax rates, a stable and independent monetary authority, provision of justice and property rights, innovative social structure, and education system based on thinking independently. The starting point of Ibn Khaldun’ economic thought is to put into action the mechanisms that can ensure production and increase in employment. Ibn Khaldun strongly opposes any formal or informal structure that prevent production, price intervention of governments, and the efforts to establish a monopoly market structure. Ibn Khaldun expresses that two factors which are asabiyyah and goods/money are mandatory for establishing a state. To him, the main factors leading a state to get destroyed and collapse are associated with the weakness of these two factors. The study discusses the topic of goods/money that is another founding factor.
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Keywords
İbn Haldun, Kalkınma, Uygarlık, Kurumlar, Ibn Khaldun, Development, Civilizations, Institutions.
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
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Source
Liberal Düşünce
Volume
Issue
107
Start Page
35
End Page
64