The Effects of a Portative Glass Waterfall and a White Noise App on Pain, Anxiety, and Physiological Parameters During Gastroscopy

Abstract

Background and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Portative glass waterfall (PGW), which is an artificial natural waterfall device, and a white noise (WN) mobile application on patient pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters during a gastroscopy procedure. Design This study was a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Methods The study was conducted with 135 participants (45 in the PGW group, 45 in the WN group, and 45 in the control group. Data were collected using a Patient Information Form, a Physiological Parameters Record Form, and a Visual Analog Scale to assess pain, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results The study results showed significant decreases in pain, anxiety, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significant increases in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation levels in both the PGW and WN groups ( p < .05). In the control group, no significant difference was found between the means of the variables before and after the procedure ( p > .05). Conclusion According to the results of the study, PGW and WN applied during gastroscopy procedures decreased pain and anxiety in patients and had positive effects on physiological parameters. Trial and Protocol Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06333431 Registration date: 13.03.2024. © 2025 American Society for Pain Management Nursing.