KAVL-İ KADÎM VE KAVL-İ CEDÎD AYRIMININ İMAM ŞÂFİÎ’NİN USÛL ANLAYIŞINA YANSIMASI
Date
2018
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Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
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Abstract
İmam Şâfiî’nin farklı içtihat metotlarına sahip pek çok âlimle buluşması ve örf ve kültür bakımından değişik birçok muhitte dolaşması, daha önce muttali olmadığı bir takım hadislerden haberdar olması içtihat düşüncesi üzerinde önemli etkisi olmuştur. Bu durum onun pek çok içtihadî düşüncesini değiştirmesine neden olmuştur. Sözü edilen değişim onun füru anlayışına has bir durum olarak görünse de usûl düşüncesine de yansıması olmuştur. Bu bağlamda genel olarak Mısır öncesi görüşlerine kavl-i kadîm veya mezheb-i kadîm, Mısır sonrası düşüncelerine ise kavl-i cedîd veya mezheb-i cedîd denilmiştir. İmam Şâfiî’nin hukuk düşüncesinde önemli bir dönüm noktasını teşkil eden söz konusu ayrımının yansıması, Sahâbe kavlinin hücciyeti, sahâbînin “bu sünnettendir” ifadesinin delil değeri, sahâbe sözünün kıyasa öncelenmesi ve âmmı tahsis etmesi, Medine ehlinin uygulamasının hücciyeti, tâbiîn mürsellerinin deli oluşu ve mesâlih-i mürselenin hücciyeti gibi usûl meselelerinde olmuştur. Konunun daha sağlıklı bir şekilde anlaşılması adına önce imam Şâfiî mezhebinde kadîm ve cedîd olgusu ana hatlarıyla irdelenmeye gayret edilecektir. Ardından imam Şâfiî’nin kadîm mezhebinde sözü edilen konulara yaklaşımı incelenecek, bu yaklaşımına önceki müçtehitlerden hangisinin etkisi olduğu belirtilmeye çalışılacaktır. Cedîd görüşünde bahsi geçen kadîm usûl görüşlerinden hangisinden vazgeçtiği, hangisiyle amel etmeye devam ettiği tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca onun kadîm usûl görüşlerine ilişkin sonraki usûlcülerin düşünce ve tespitlerine de yer verilecektir.
Imam Shafi'i's meeting with many scholars who have different interpretation methods and moving around in many different regions in terms of tradition and culture has been an important influence on his thought. This has caused Shafi'i to change or rearrange many thoughts. In this context, in general Shafi'i's pre-Egyptian views are called old doctrine and post-Egyptian ones are new. Though the mentioned change is not as intense as it is in fiqh, his method is reflected in his thoughts. It is determined that Shafi'i is influenced by the difference between the old doctrine and the new doctrine which constitutes an important turning point in the opinion of Şafi'i in the opinion of the following methods: The formation of the evidence of the companionship, the sunnah of the companions of the companion, the introduction and general allocation of the word "sahâbe",The medina has to work with the consensus of Ehlin, the value of the evidence of hadiths conveyed by tâbiîn and the source value of masalih-i mursala. In order to better understand the subject in the study, it will first be tried to examine the old and new phenomena in the Shafi'i sect. Subsequently, Shafi'i's approach to the issues referred to in the old sect will be examined, and it will be attempted to indicate which of the previous scholars influenced this approach. it will try to determine which one of the old ways of betting in the new view has given up and continues to act with which. Moreover, according to its old methodical viewpoints, the opinions and the patients of the later methodolist will also be included.
Imam Shafi'i's meeting with many scholars who have different interpretation methods and moving around in many different regions in terms of tradition and culture has been an important influence on his thought. This has caused Shafi'i to change or rearrange many thoughts. In this context, in general Shafi'i's pre-Egyptian views are called old doctrine and post-Egyptian ones are new. Though the mentioned change is not as intense as it is in fiqh, his method is reflected in his thoughts. It is determined that Shafi'i is influenced by the difference between the old doctrine and the new doctrine which constitutes an important turning point in the opinion of Şafi'i in the opinion of the following methods: The formation of the evidence of the companionship, the sunnah of the companions of the companion, the introduction and general allocation of the word "sahâbe",The medina has to work with the consensus of Ehlin, the value of the evidence of hadiths conveyed by tâbiîn and the source value of masalih-i mursala. In order to better understand the subject in the study, it will first be tried to examine the old and new phenomena in the Shafi'i sect. Subsequently, Shafi'i's approach to the issues referred to in the old sect will be examined, and it will be attempted to indicate which of the previous scholars influenced this approach. it will try to determine which one of the old ways of betting in the new view has given up and continues to act with which. Moreover, according to its old methodical viewpoints, the opinions and the patients of the later methodolist will also be included.
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: İmam Şâfiî, kavl-i kadîm, kavl-i cedîd, usûl görüşleri, Shafi, old doctrine, new doctrine, method views
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Source
Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
Volume
13
Issue
17
Start Page
353
End Page
380