Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/97

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Ali Shariati
(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023) Ateş, Enes
This entry examines Ali Shariati’s ideas, which provide a modern interpretation of emancipatory and revolutionary Islam in the context of Shia thought. Shariati merged political, social, and intellectual activism. He not only addressed internal divisions within Shiite Islam but also established a socially just and left-leaning model for Muslims worldwide to advocate for an Islamic alternative to Western methods of thinking. Leaving aside the validity of ambiguous labels such as “Islamic Marxism” or “socialist Islam,” Shariati’s Islamic interpretation is rooted in a socialist philosophical and ethical framework. He drew upon Islamic history and the Islamic canon, modifying his interpretation of pretext (tradition, history, and institutional structures) and text (canon) to create a revolutionary con-text, a revolutionary interpretation of Islam. His criticism of capitalism, as a manifestation of his economic understanding, combined with his interpretation of religion on both concrete and abstract levels and took on an activist character. Shariati’s economic and philosophical defense of a populist and social justice line fills his unique value in the history of thought. In addition to the specific conditions of Iran, these aspects demonstrate the intellectual adventure of the world’s Muslims.
Changing Policies of Turkey and the EU to the Syrian Conflict
(2019) Kızılkan, Zelal Başak
This paper analyses the reaction of the EU and Turkey to the Syrian crisis. Firstly, the paper starts its analyses with the limitations of institutional-legal structure of the EU in developing effective external relations. In this context, it analyses the coherence among the member states in terms of policy priorities and strategies in approaching Syrian conflict by making particular reference to the restrictions aroused from regional setting. Secondly, Turkey’s changing policy priorities and strategies in the course of the Syrian conflict are analysed. Lastly, similarities and differences in the approaches of Turkey and the EU are evaluated.
CHINESE- SAUDI RELATIONS BALANCE UNDER CONDITIONS THE RISE of CHINA on THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
(Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020) mohamad rashid
There is an imbalance in the international balance of power, resulting from the collapse of a pole of global power, and the domination of the pole policy that imposed the uniqueness of the United States of America on the global level. And there are some forces that impose themselves on the international scene, and consider the Middle East and the Arab Gulf region to be among the most important areas of international competition in the current era, Because of its strategic location and its richness in oil, the engine of the global economy, so China seeks to enhance its influence and presence in the Middle East region, by maintaining security stability in the Arab Gulf region, enhancing trade and economic cooperation, and military cooperation between it and the countries of the region on both sides of the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia. For religious and economic standing. The Saudi- Chinese relations witnessed a remarkable development after they were shy trade relations and receiving pilgrims, until China became the largest importer of Saudi oil, and military and defense cooperation also emerged significantly through ballistic missile deals, China also seeks to create a balance in its relations with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Iran, despite the competition and apparent differences between the neighbors in the Persian Gulf, and the continuing Iranian threats to the oil trade that passes through the Arabian Gulf.
Cultural trauma and the politics of access to higher education in Syria
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Aloklah, Wissam Aldien
This paper examines the relationship between the politics of Higher Education access pertaining to longstanding practices of patrimonial authoritarian politics and the narration of collective trauma. Building on an empirical study of Syrian HE during war, we suggest that a narrative disjuncture within HEIs has a damaging impact not only upon the educational process, HE reconstruction and reform, but also upon the possibility of social reconciliation. This is especially true when access to education and post-graduation opportunities are directly linked to patrimonial favouritism; widespread social inequalities in access and retention; a violent turn in the purging of oppositional academics; a severely exacerbated brain drain linked to political views; and significantly sparser employment opportunities. Building on the study findings, we show how these challenges are linked to ethico-political positioning vis-à-vis the mass movement of 2011 and related cultural trauma narratives. In closing, we suggest that understanding the relationship between HE access and cultural trauma can inform decision-making on HE reconstruction and future reform.
Information Vulnerability Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic: Syrian Refugees In Turkey
(2022) Ağalday, Burak
States were caught unprepared by the COVID-19 pandemic. This caused a hitch in briefing the public with true and sufficient information. Refugees may be exposed to these drawbacks more due to the language barrier and social isolation. They are an especially vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic due to their adverse life conditions and difficulty in accessing social services and information. In this paper, we study the Syrians who fled to Turkey during the Syrian civil war. We examine the Syrians’ information vulnerability and sources of information using original online survey data and archives of official institutions in charge of the refugee response and the management of the pandemic. It is concluded that Syrians are less knowledgeable than the host community regarding COVID-19 precautions and administrative measures. It is also found that the Syrians’ level of information on administrative measures is likely to increase when institutional announcements are followed. Additionally, naturalized Syrians are more likely to acquire true information on administrative measures than the Syrians under temporary protection. We argue that official institutions play a crucial role in building refugees’ information resilience, yet their briefing is unsystematic and uncomprehensive.
International Efforts Against Impunity for the Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria Is There Hope for International Justice?
(Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2022) Aloklah, Wissam Aldien
This article examines international developments in the investigation of incidents involving the use of chemical weapons (CWs) in Syria between 2012 and 2021. Specifically, it analyses the measures adopted by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in cooperation with the United Nations, and the progress in eliminating the Syrian chemical weapons programme. The article further addresses the international community's responses to the use of CWs in Syria from the perspective of international law, and its inability to hold those responsible accountable and to offer redress the victims. Such inability is illustrated by the somewhat weak action following two reports of the Investigation and Identification Team of the OPCW, which clearly indicated that the authorities of the Syrian Arab Republic are behind a number of CW attacks in Syria. The article argues that the lack of international justice, despite clear evidence of blatant violations, is rooted in the fundamental differences between major powers within the Security Council, as well as in the existing gaps in the law.
Negotiation, Speed, Politics: Use of Digital Technologies in International Mediation
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2024) Burç, Safiye Ateş
Yeni dünya düzeninin (covid ve post-covid dönemler) süper hızlandırılmış (yüksek hızlı) yaşam deneyimleri ve zorlayıcı uygulamaları, uluslararası aktörlerin müzakere ve çatışma çözme becerilerini de etkilemiş ve değiştirmiştir. Günümüzde pandemi ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte hızlanma birçok alanda zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Başta Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) olmak üzere birçok uluslararası arabulucu da Covid-19 pandemisinde mekanı ve zamanı delen dijital teknolojilerden büyük ölçüde yararlandı. Peki ekonomik, sosyal ve teknolojik gelişimin yüksek hızda devam ettiği günümüz dünyasında müzakereler ve politikalar da bu hıza eşlik etmeli mi? Eğer öyleyse, hızlandırılmış ve sanallaştırılmış siyasi pratikler çatışma çözümünde nasıl ele alınmalıdır? Dijitalleşmenin uluslararası arabuluculuk üzerindeki etkisi nedir? Bu sorular etrafında şekillenecek olan bu makalede, dijitalleşme, hız(lanma), siyaset ve çatışma çözümü arasındaki ilişki, özellikle pandeminin en travmatik döneminde (Mart 2020-Mart 2021) farklı BM misyonlarının barış yapım pratiklerine ilişkin siyasi raporlarının içerik ve söylem analizi yardımıyla eleştirel bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada siyaset ve müzakere, zamana ihtiyaç duyduğu için hız bariyerlerine sahip olması gerektiği ama yüksek hızlı toplumun gelişmelerinden ve alanından da soyutlanamayacağı için sanal alanı her an takip edip ihtiyaç duyulduğu anda dahil olması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Misyonların rapor analizlerinin de gösterdiği üzere özellikle pandemide dijital teknolojilerin etkin kullanımı arabuluculukta hızlı bir dönüşüme (gelenekselden siber-arabuluculuğa) yol açmış ve çatışma çözümü faaliyetleri kesintisiz bir şekilde sürdürülebilmişse de dijitalleşmenin tehlikeleri ortadan kalkmış değildir.
Syrian higher education and social capital in times of conﬂict
(University College London (UCL), 2020) Aloklah, Wissam Aldien
This paper explores the role of higher education (HE) in fostering social capital as a means of building a sustainable peace in Syria. We draw on a qualitative study in Northeast Syria to argue that the HE sector is currently playing a negative to weak role in developing social capital as it is highly politicised and suﬀers from outdated curricula and unsuitable teaching approaches.
Testimonies of Syrian Academic Displacement Post-2011: Time, place and the agentic self
(Elsevier, 2020) Aloklah, Wissam Aldien
This article explores the experiences of protracted displacement in a group of 19 displaced Syrian academics now living in Turkey who are often referred to as the ‘precariat’ – that is, a group or collective of people who are living in conditions of high unpredictability, insecurity and uncertainty. As part of a small-scale collaborative professional enquiry semi-structured interviews with these academics were conducted to understand the social, affective and professional experiences, needs and concerns of the academics during and after their forced displacement. The key concepts of ‘precarity’ and ‘crises of selfhood’ alongside memory and testimony, inform the analysis. This article seeks to provide an account of this collective experience and its complex character and concludes with observations on how one might understand the constraints on professional agency and how might one support displaced academics in such contexts. Solidarity in exile and the development of political friendships are argued for as a principle to inform all work.

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