Kızıltepe Meslek Yüksekokulu

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Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 20
Activity of Metalaxyl-M plus mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al, and Phosphorous Acid against Phytophthora Crown and Root Rot of Apricot and Cherry Caused by Phytophthora palmivora
(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2017) Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel
Crown and root rot, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, has become a destructive disease of apricot and cherry in eastern Turkey. There are no currently registered fungicides labeled for its control. In greenhouse experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1-year-old potted apricot rootstock Zerdali and cherry rootstock Mahaleb plants were treated either with foliar spray of fosetyl-Al (140, 160, and 180 g a.i./100 l) or phosphorous acid (187.5, 200, and 215 g a.i./100 l) or soil drench of 100 ml of metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam)+mancozeb (12+192, 16+256, and 20+320 g a.i./100 l) one day after wound inoculation of crowns and roots. In both years, phosphorous acid at 200 and 215 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 160 and 180 g a.i./100 l, and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Zerdali by 70.68-80.00% and crown rot severity on both Zerdali and Mahaleb, by 68.32-91.96 and 74.21-82.60%, respectively, compared with phosphorous acid at 187.5 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 140 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l and control. Moreover, fosetyl-Al at 180 g a.i./100 l and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Mahaleb compared to fosetyl-Al at 140 and 160 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l, phosphorous acid treatments and control in 2012, providing the best control of the disease by 88.00-90.68%. Two/three phosphorous acid foliar applications at 200 g a.i./100 l suppressed symptom development when field applications were made on a curative basis in 2014 and 2015.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Activity of nanosized copper-boron alloys against Phytophthora species
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yiğit, Uğur; Türkkan, Muharrem; İlhan, Hasan; Şimşek, Tuncay; Güler, Ömer; Derviş, Sibel
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of copper-boron (Cu-B) nanoalloys against a range of Phytophthora species, including P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. cactorum, P. plurivora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma. The nanoalloys were synthesized via mechanical alloying under an argon atmosphere, resulting in the formation of nanocrystalline Cu-B nanoalloys with irregular morphology and particle sizes ranging from 50 to 240 nm. At a concentration of 250 µg mL−1, the Cu-B nanoalloys demonstrated complete inhibition of mycelial growth, sporangium production, and zoospore germination in all tested Phytophthora species. The EC50 values for mycelial growth ranged from 28.02 to 120.17 µg mL−1, while for sporangium production and zoospore germination, they were below 10 µg mL−1. Furthermore, the nanoalloys exhibited fungicidal activity against specific Phytophthora species, such as P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. inundata, and P. megasperma, at concentrations of 100, 250, 250, and 250 µg mL−1, respectively. Notably, the Cu-B nanoalloys displayed significant protective and curative effects on tuber rot severity in P. nicotianae-inoculated potatoes, resulting in reductions of 94.13% and 92.61% compared to the control, respectively, at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of Cu-B nanoalloys as a promising fungicide for the management of plant diseases caused by Phytophthora spp.
Alternaria spp. causing postharvest decay on apple fruit in Nigde province, Turkey
(2022) Tulukoglu Kunt, Keziban Sinem; Derviş, Sibel; Özden, Mustafa
Postharvest rots caused by Alternaria spp. result from infections occurring in the apple orchard at or before harvest and these may remain quiescent during the growing phase and only result in decay during postharvest cold storage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize Alternaria spp. associated with apple black spot and/ or decay during cold storage in Nigde, Turkey. Isolates of Alternaria spp. were obtained from apple fruit (cvs Fuji, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Red Delicious, and Starking Delicious) with dark, dry, spongy lesions. The symptomatic fruits were sampled from 18 commercial cold storages in the Nigde Province, Turkey, during the 2020/21 storage period. Decayed fruits were transferred to the laboratory for isolation of the fungi from the lesions. In total, 75 Alternaria isolates were characterized morphologically and were differentiated into 5 phenotypic groups based on their colony morphology, and characteristics of their conidiophores and conidia. At least 5 representative isolates were randomly chosen from each group for the pathogenicity tests. All Alternaria spp. isolates caused round, dry, dark, spongy lesions on/in the inoculated fruits and re-isolates from the inoculated apples of each phenotypic groups were similar to the initial isolates of each group in morphological characteristics. Molecular characterization of isolates is in progress. Since mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp. in fruits is of unavoidable risk to human health, special care should be given in regards to the need to reduce widespread postharvest losses caused by Alternaria spp. in the cold storages of Niğde, which is the most important apple producer province of the country.
Antifungal effect of boron compounds against Neoscytalidium dimiatum
(2023) Yildirim, Elif; Türkkan, Muharrem; Yiğit, Abdurrahman; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Erper, İsmail
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has been recently identified as the agent responsible for canker, dieback, shoot blight, and root rot on different hosts in Türkiye. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of boric acid (H3BO3), three borates [disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13.4H2O), disodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) and disodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7)] on the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination of N. dimidiatum. The antifungal effects of the boron compounds were investigated at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v) concentrations. The differences observed between the inhibitory effects of boron compounds on the parameters were found to be significantly important at P < 0.05. The 0.5% concentration of disodium tetraborate decahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate completely inhibited the fungus, whereas other salts did not. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate completely inhibited three parameters at 0.5% and higher concentrations. However, boric acid and disodium tetraborate were able to completely inhibit investigated factors of N. dimidiatum at 2.0% and 1.0% concentration, respectively. Disodium tetraborate and boric acid at 0.5% concentration decreased germ tube elongation and conidia germination of the fungus by 94.97%-63.57%, 59.33%-51.26%, respectively. The effectiveness of the 0.5% concentration on conidial germination was also similar in both salts at P < 0.05. However, disodium tetraborate inhibited germ tube elongation more effectively than boric acid. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the four boron compounds also varied between 0.5% and 2.0% concentrations. The boron compounds in this study could be potential agents to manage N. dimidiatum.
Bipolaris sorokiniana associated with common root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Alkan, Mehtap; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is the third most important crop in terms of global production, with an average annual production of almost 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons, after maize and rice. However, A complex of fungi attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem and significant yield reductions in wheat. Although most prevailing species in this complex can change yearly and regionally in dryland winter wheat production areas, Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the dominant species and causes spot blotch and common root rot (CRR) on wheat plants, especially in winter wheat varieties. Comprehensive surveys were conducted to identify B. sorokiniana associated with CRR of wheat throughout the main wheat-growing areas of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in 2017 and 2019, respectively. As a result of the classification of species based on morphological and molecular tools, 96 and 547 isolates were identified as B. sorokiniana for Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, respectively. All surveyed regions for these countries were contaminated with this pathogen. Some representative isolates of B. sorokiniana were tested for their ability to cause disease and produced moderate disease severities on cultivar Seri 82 (Triticum aestivum, bread wheat). The percent incidence of B. sorokiniana isolates in all isolates was 15.2% for Azerbaijan, whereas, for Kazakhstan, B. sorokiniana was the most frequently recovered species in the three regions surveyed, with an isolated frequency of 44.80%. The results of the current study provide crucial and helpful information to improve disease management strategies against CRR of wheat in these countries.
Correction to: Leaf spot caused by Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium in Turkey
(Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel
In August 2021, jimson weed (Datura stramonium) plants growing as weeds in potato fields in Bolu province, Turkey, exhibited leaf spots with dark concentric rings. Sunken and lens-shaped lesions with a light center were also frequently observed on petioles, branches, and stems. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the transcription elongation factor 1-α, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase loci, the causal agent was identified as Alternaria crassa. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from inoculated jimson weed plants in the pathogenicity assay, proving Koch’s postulates. Alternaria crassa caused necrotic lesions on potato plants, similar to those of early blight, confirming them as an alternative host of the pathogen. This is apparently the first report of leaf spot caused by A. crassa on jimson weed in Turkey.
Evaluation of inhibitory effect some bicarbonate carbonate salts against Neoscytalidium dimiatum
(2023) Yildirim, Elif; Türkkan, Muharrem; Özer, Göksel; Derviş, Sibel; Erper, İsmail
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae family, has emerged as a significant pathogen causing canker and blight diseases in various fruit trees, field crops, park and forest trees, and other hosts. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is the only recognized species within the genus, with the other two previously recognized species, N. novaehollandiae and N. orchidacearum. There is no suggested chemical control method against Neoscytalidium. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of some salts on the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination of the N. dimidiatum isolate phylogenetically clustered with the isolates previously recognized as N. novaehollandiae. The antifungal effects of the salts were determined at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v) concentrations of salts in vitro conditions. Statistically, differences were observed between the inhibitory effects of six salts on the parameters at P ≤ 0.05. The 0.25% and higher concentrations of the ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate salts completely inhibited mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination. Potassium and sodium bicarbonate salts in the highest concentration (2.0%) were able to decrease the mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and conidial germination with the rates of 95.58%-95.58%, 95.05%-95.76% and 77.44%-82.91%, respectively. In addition, potassium and sodium carbonate were able to completely inhibit investigated factors of the pathogen at 2.0% and 1.0% concentrations, respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration values of the ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate varied between 0.25% and 2.0%. The minimum fungicidal concentration values of the ammonium carbonate and bicarbonate also ranged between 0.25% and 1.0%. As a result, this study showed that salts of carbonate and bicarbonate could be recommended to manage diseases caused by N. dimidiatum.
Fungi isolated from cankered tissues of declining apricot trees in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Turkey
(2017) Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel
Surveys were carried out in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016. Fungal and oomycetous diseases causing dieback and decline symptoms were investigated and locations where the diseases were prevalent were determined according to the districts in these provinces. Nine and 40 orchards were visited in Elazığ and Malatya during the course of the surveys. A total of 665 out of 5750 apricot trees were checked and the disease incidence was found to be 44% in the surveyed orchards. Out of isolates obtained from root and crown tissues of symptomatic trees, isolates obtained from cankered tissues were characterized according to their morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from representative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced and submitted to GenBank. NCBI BLAST results showed 98 to 100% similarity with the ITS sequences of many Clonostachys rosea f. rosea (Link : Fr.) Schroers et. al. 1999 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales), Sarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerb. 2011 (Ascomycetes, Incertae sedis) (Syn: Acremonium kiliense), Phoma sp. (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales), Entoleuca spp. (Ascomycetes, Xylariales) strains deposited in NCBI GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank and given accession numbers were MF536537 and MF536538 for C. rosea, MF536539 for S. kiliense, MF536540 and MF536541 for Phoma spp., and MF536542, MF536543, MF536544 and MF536545 for Entoleuca spp. isolates. Moreover, Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from inner tissues of necrotic branches and morphologically identified. However, pathogenicity of these isolates needs further investigations. If some isolates were not pathogenic, their endophytic or hperparasitic characteristics against pathogenic ones should be tested in order to fully exploit their potential for use as biological control agents.
Fusarium spp. associated with crown and root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Little is known about the distribution and prevalence of pathogens of underground parts of winter wheat in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In this study, a detailed survey study was conducted to assess the distribution of pathogen the country to generate information and understand disease dynamics, as well as to test the pathogenicity of the obtained species on a susceptible wheat cultivar.Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a primary source of calories and protein (Shiferaw et al. 2013), grown on 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons (FAOSTAT 2022). Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) provide a major contribution to the diets of humans and livestock in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, with an average annual production of about 1.82 million tons in a planted area of about 0.59 million ha and with 14.3 million tons produced on 12.1 million ha, respectively. Especially, Kazakhstan’s wheat yield (1182.5 ton/ha) falls far short of the global average (3474.4 ton/ha) due to biotic and abiotic stressors.The complex fungal species attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem, including damping-off, blight, necrosis, and dry rotting of the root, crown, sub-crown, and lower stem tissues, along with wilting and stunting of seedlings and mature wheat plants (Bockus et al. 2010), resulting in significant yield reductions in the major wheat-producing regions of the world (Gonzalez and Trevathan 2000).Template DNA was extracted from 50–100 mg of fungal powder using a DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF1-α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were amplified with EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998) and ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) primer sets, respectively.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus nigra trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Malatya ili Doğanşehir ilçesinde 2016 yılında yapılan arazi çalışmaları sırasında gövde, dal kanseri ve kuruma belirtileri gösteren kavak (Populus nigra) ağaçlarından alınan örneklerden yapılan laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda piknidyum içeren kabukların altından ve odun dokularından sırasıyla Cytospora chrysosperma ve Chondrostereum purpureum izole edilmiştir. İlkbaharda, kavak ağaçlarının sürgünlerine, tamamen gelişmiş olan dördüncü yapraklarının koparılması sonucu ortaya çıkan yaralar üzerine, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum izolatları tarafından kolonize edilmiş agar disklerinin yerleştirilmesiyle inokulasyon yapılmıştır. İnokülasyondan üç ay sonra C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ile inokulasyon bölgesinde sırasıyla 6,4 ve 3,3 cm uzunluğunda kanserler oluşmuş ve sürgünler büzüşmüştür. Benzer bir şekilde, serada gerçekleştirilen patojenite testlerinde, kabuk dokusunda oluşturulan yaraların bu izolatlar ile inokülasyonundan yaklaşık 14 gün sonra kanser oluşumu gerçekleşmiştir. Hastalanan bitkilerin dokularından yapılan izolasyonlarda C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’un tekrar izole edilmesi ile hastalık etmenlerinin bu funguslar olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Steril ortam diskleri ile inokule edilen kontrol sürgünlerdeki yaralarda kanser oluşmamıştır. Her fungal türün temsili izolatından tüm DNA’nın izolasyonu yapılmıştır. İzole edilen toplam DNA’lar, rDNA'nın internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ve large subunit (LSU) gen bölgeleri için sırasıyla ITS6/ITS4 ve NL1/NL4 primer çiftleri kullanılarak amplifiye edilmiş ve dizilenmiştir. BLAST analizleri sonucunda, daha önce Gen Bankası’nda kaydedilen birçok C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ITS ve LSU nükleotid dizisi ile %99 benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu diziler Gen Bankasına kaydedilmiştir. C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’nın ITS-rDNA için NCBI’dan verilen erişim numaraları sırasıyla MF536529 ve MF536531; LSU-rDNA için veriler erişim numaraları ise sırasıyla MF536530 ve MF536532’dir. Bu fungus etmenlerinin Türkiye'deki varlığı daha önce bildirilmekle birlikte bu çalışma, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum'un ITS ve LSU-rDNA nükleotid dizilerine dayanarak moleküler karakterizasyonlarının ilk raporudur.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus sp. trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
The fungi Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum were isolated from orange-brown inner bark with pycnidia in the bark surface and underlying wood tissues of infected poplar plants (Populus sp.) with symptoms of stem and branch canker in Doğanşehir, Malatya, in 2016, respectively. Twigs of poplar trees were inoculated during their first season of growth by removing the fourth fully expanded leaves and placing agar plugs colonized by representative isolates of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum over the resulting wounds. Three months after inoculation, cankers in 6.4 and 3.3 cm length formed by C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum, respectively, and twigs were girdled. Pathogenicity tests in a greenhouse experiment by shallow wounds made into the bark tissue and inoculation with these isolates in a similar manner also resulted in canker formation in and around inoculated wounds 14 days after inoculation. Subsequent re-isolations of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum confirmed that these fungi were the causal agents of the disease, and no cankers formed in wounds that received only sterile plugs. DNA was extracted from representative isolates of each fungal species. Extracted DNA templates were amplified and sequenced for rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene regions using ITS6/ITS4 and NL1/NL4 primer pairs, respectively. NCBI BLAST results showed 99% similarity with the ITS and LSU sequences of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum in GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank. Given accession numbers of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum were MF536529 and MF536531 for ITSrDNA; MF536530 and MF536532 for LSU-rDNA, respectively. Existence of these fungi in Turkey was previously reported. However, this is a first report of molecular characterization of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum based on ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences of these fungi in Turkey.
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 13
Molecular phylogeny of plant pathogenic fungi based on start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism
(Springer, 2023) Palacıoğlu, Gülsüm; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Bayraktar, Harun; Özer, Göksel
Background: A number of molecular marker systems have been developed to assess genetic diversity, carry out phylogenetic analysis, and diagnose and discriminate plant pathogenic fungi. The start codon targeted (SCoT) markers system is a novel approach used here to investigate intra and interspecific polymorphisms of phytopathogenic fungi. Materials and methods: This study assessed genetic variability between and within 96 isolates of ten fungal species associated with a variety of plant species using 36 SCoT primers. Results: The six primers generated 331 distinct and reproducible banding patterns, of which 322 were polymorphic (97.28%), resulting in 53.67 polymorphic bands per primer. All primers produced informative amplification profiles that distinguished all fungal species. With a resolving power of 10.65, SCoT primer 12 showed the highest polymorphism among species, followed by primer 33 and primer 29. Polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei's diversity index (h), and Shannon index (I) percentages were 6.25, 0.018, and 0.028, respectively. UPGMA analysis separated all isolates based on morphological classification and revealed significant genetic variation among fungal isolates at the intraspecific level. PCoA analysis strongly supported fungal species discrimination and genetic variation. The other parameters of evaluation proved that SCoT markers are at least as effective as other DNA markers. Conclusions: SCoT markers were effective in identifying plant pathogenic fungi and were a powerful tool for estimating genetic variation and population structure of different fungi species.
Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. causing diseases in strawberry
(2017) Doğaner, Müge; Ayyaz, Mahmood; Derviş, Sibel; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Soil-born fungal diseases cause significant losses in strawberry culture and Fusarium is one of the most important among them. The present study was conducted to investigate Fusarium species causing wilting in strawberry plants. Morphological and molecular detection of different Fusarium species related to wilting diseases in strawberries was objective of the study. The fungal isolates were collected from the main strawberry growing areas in Anamur and Silifke districts of Mersin province, Gazipaşa and Aydıncık districts of Antalya province, and Sultanhisar district of Afyon province. Total of 300 samples were analyzed morphologically and 39% of them found infected with Fusarium species. The pathogenicity of six morphologically distinct Fusarium isolates were tested utilizing root dipping to spore suspension method using strawberry variety ‘‘Festival’’. After pathogenicity tests, total DNA from mycelial cultures of six Fusarium isolates were extracted and ribosomal DNA ITS region was amplified using ITS6/4 primers by PCR. The amplicons were sequenced and obtained DNA sequences were blasted in NCBI and Fusarium ID GeneBanks. The sequences of all morphologically identified Fusarium isolates showed 99-100% identity with the Fusarium species deposited in NCBI. Furthermore, the investigated Fusarium species were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and F. proliferatum according to NCBI but F. incarnatumequiseti species complex and F. concolor according to Fusarium ID.
Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization of Globisporangium ultimum causing stem and root-rot disease of bean plants grown in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an economic important herbaceous annual legume plant in the family Fabaceae. It is amongst the most widely cultivated legumes of the world for its delicious seeds having high protein content like other legume seeds. In mid-June2016, we observed bean plants belonging to cv. Ayşekadın at near harvest stage in a commercial field located in Hanzo District of Diyarbakır Province (Southeastern Anatolia) with necrotic taproots and few lateral roots. Infected hypocotyls above the soil line and lower stems had light brown lesions, and plants showed symptoms of wilting. Within a month, the incidence of the affected plants grown in this 30 da field reached 50%. Tissue fragments of 1 mm2 were excised from the root and stem lesion of infected plants, dipped in a solution containing 1% sodium hypochlorite, and plated on grated apple corn meal agar (GACMA) amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated at 22°C for 5 days. A Pythium-like organism was consistently isolated from tissues. Growing hyphal tips of isolates were transferred onto V8 medium for production of sexual structures. All isolates were identified as Globisporangium ultimum (Syn: Pythium ultimum) based on the morphological characters of sporangia, oogonia, antheridia, oospores and hyphal swellings. To confirm Koch's postulates, two isolates were tested for pathogenicity against bean (cv. Ayşekadın) by placing colonized GACMA plugs or GACMA alone next to the crown. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field on bean developed on inoculated plants and the pathogen was reisolated. Controls did not develop disease. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of a single isolate was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No MF536533) showed a 100% homology with the corresponding sequences of many isolates of G. ultimum in GenBank and confirmed our identification of this isolate as G. ultimum. Collar and root rot caused by G. ultimum affects bean plants in many regions of the world. The pathogen was also reported in Hatay and Samsun provinces of Turkey. No published information exists, however, on the existence of this pathogen in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (Diyarbakır). Besides, this is first report of molecular characterization of G. ultimum in Turkey.
New disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum devastates tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Turkey
(2019) Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Dikilitaş, Murat
A novel disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was observed in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Symptoms were blight of all aerial parts of the plant, including stems, branches, leaves, petioles, flowers and fruits, defoliation, root rot, inner stem necrosis, and plant death. The disease was found in 13.9% of surveyed fields, with an incidence varying from 3% to nearly 75% (average 21.2%) of the plants in symptomatic fields. The average severity of blight on stem in fields with the symptomatic plant surveyed was 1.4%. A Botryosphaeriaceae species, identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers using morphological and cultural features, was consistently isolated from symptomatic roots, inner stems, and blighted leaves, shoots, stems, fruits and flowers. The partial nucleotide sequence data for three gene loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) genes and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), confirmed the morphological identification. Furthermore, sequence data of actin genes from N. dimidiatum was, for the first time, deposited to the GenBank. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by testing the susceptibility of different tomato tissues (leaves, stems, inner stems and roots of tomato seedlings, and detached tomato fruits and flowers) to N. dimidiatum inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum on tomato.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
A novel blight and root rot of chickpea: A new host for Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
(ScienceDirect, 2023) Güney, İnci Güler; Bozoğlu, Tuba; Özer, Göksel; Derviş, Sibel
In the southeastern province of Mardin in Turkey, a severe and novel fungal infection affected all chickpea plant parts, resulting in blight symptoms on stem, petiole, branch, and leaf, defoliation, seed and root rot, and death. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum was identified as the agent responsible for this new blight and root rot using sequence analysis of the ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci as well as morphological data. The pathogen was found in all surveyed districts and fields, with varying incidences of blight and root rot, blight being nearly twice (40%) as common as root rot (21%), and root-rotted and blighted plants co-occurring in the majority of instances. All 92 N. dimidiatum isolates from various tissues induced necrotic lesions on the inoculated plants, indicating they were pathogenic for chickpea. Conidia exhibited germination across a temperature range, with increasing temperatures positively influencing germination rates, and mycelial growth was significantly influenced by temperature, with the optimal growth temperature observed to be 35 °C. The response of 25 Turkish chickpea cultivars and three other genotypes when subjected to inoculation with Ciar 12 and Ciar 78 isolates, representative of phylogenetic clusters, was evaluated based on the severity of blight and root rot. The majority of cultivars and genotypes displayed high susceptibility and suffered mortality when exposed to either soil or spray inoculation with each isolate. Among the assessed cultivars and genotypes, Çağatay had the lowest severity of root rot. This study is the first to report a natural infection of chickpea plants by N. dimidiatum. Under global warming, this may be detrimental to chickpea cultivation and habitat in southeastern Turkey, which is the origin of chickpeas.
Occurrence of Phytophthora Cryptogea Causing Root and Collar Rot on Sweet Cherry Trees in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Turkey is the world's largest producer of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), a member of stone fruits, with approximately 500 thousand tons of fruit produced annually. 24,385 sweet cherry trees are grown in 1,358 da area of Diyarbakır province with 275 t of fruit produced annually. In May 2015, approximately 30% of 500 5-year-old sweet cherry (P. avium cv. Ziraat 0900) trees grafted onto ‘Mahaleb’ in Çüngüs of Diyarbakır province showed wilting, lack of vigor, and dieback, with severely infected trees dying. Reddish necrotic tissues at the base of the trunk often extending to the main roots were observed on those trees. When they uprooted; necrosis on taproots and decay on feeder roots appeared. Tissue samples taken from the margins of crown and root lesions were placed on grated apple corn meal agar amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated for 4 days at 20°C in the dark and a Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from the tissues. The morphological features fit the descriptions of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. P. cryptogea was pathogenic on 5 to 7 mm × 20 cm diam. shoots detached from a 1-year-old ‘Mahaleb’ cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) rootstock tree. Genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced (GenBank Accession No: MF538788). BLAST searches showed a 99 to 100% identity with many P. cryptogea strains AF087475, AY995400, GU111626, GU111624, KP070713, KP070713, KP070715, KP070719, KP070716, KP070721, KP070709 etc. Deposited in NCBI GenBank and Phytophthora-ID databases. The provenance of P. cryptogea in a sweet cherry orchard in Ankara province (Central Anatolia), in a kiwifruit orchard in Bartın province (Black Sea Region), and in a potato field in Erzincan province (Eastern Anatolia Region) was previously reported in Turkey. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of P. cryptogea in a new region, in the Southeastern Anatolia, causing root and collar rot of cherry trees.
Citation - WoS: 24
Citation - Scopus: 27
Plant-Associated Neoscytalidium dimidiatum-Taxonomy, Host Range, Epidemiology, Virulence, and Management Strategies: A Comprehensive Review
(MDPI, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a plant- and human-associated fungus, has emerged as a substantial global ecological and agricultural threat aggravated by global warming. It inflicts various diseases, including canker, blight, dieback, leaf spot, root rot, and fruit rot, across a wide spectrum of fruit trees, field crops, shrubs, and arboreal species, with a host range spanning 46 plant families, 84 genera, and 126 species, primarily affecting eudicot angiosperms. Six genera are asymptomatic hosts. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum exhibits worldwide distribution, with the highest prevalence observed in Asia and North America, notably in Iran, Turkey, and California. Rising disease prevalence and severity, aggravated by climate change, particularly impact tropical arid places across 37 countries spanning all 7 continents. This comprehensive review encapsulates recent advancements in the understanding of N. dimidiatum, encompassing alterations in its taxonomic classification, host range, symptoms, geographic distribution, epidemiology, virulence, and strategies for effective management. This study also concentrates on comprehending the taxonomic relationships and intraspecific variations within N. dimidiatum, with a particular emphasis on N. oculus and N. hylocereum, proposing to consider these two species as synonymous with N. dimidiatum. Furthermore, this review identifies prospective research directions aimed at augmenting our fundamental understanding of host-N. dimidiatum interaction.
Postharvest fungal pathogens of apple in Nigde Province, Turkey
(2022) Tulukoglu Kunt, Keziban Sinem; Özden, Mustafa; Derviş, Sibel
Apples are an economically important horticultural product worldwide. They can be stored under low temperature for long periods of time (up to 10 months). However, fungal decay is a major problem in long-term storage and causes serious postharvest fruit loses around the world, including Turkey. This decay is caused by several fungi with different infection mechanisms favored by different conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to know which fungal pathogens are the primary cause of any decay in order to develop innovative control strategies. For this reason, the aim of this study was to sample decaying apples from cold storage facilities in Niğde Province, Turkey (an important apple-producing province) to isolate and identify the pathogens. A total of 395 visually infected apples were sampled from 18 cold storage facilities in the 2020/21 production season. Culture morphology of the isolates was examined, isolates were morphologically identified at the genus level. The results showed that the identified dominant genera considered of major contributors to fruit spoilage belonged to genus Penicillium (76.5%), followed by Alternaria (19.0%). Other fungal pathogens, including species of Botrytis, Cadophora, Cladosporium and Fusarium had low abundance. Pathogenicity testing and molecular characterization of the isolates is in progress.
Rehabilitation of soils containing high salt levels with beneficial fungi
(2023) Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Un, Akin; Derviş, Sibel; Dikilitaş, Murat
Soil salinity not only reduces the quality of the soil, but also causes ionic imbalance in the plant, competition in the nutrient uptake and toxic effects at high concentration. Combating salinity, which has become a greater stress factor due to impact of drought and high temperatures, is of great importance. In this study, 3 kg soil in pots, adjusted to 12 mS/m EC, under four different treatments (3 different fungi species and control) were compared in a laboratory environment. The experiment was designed with three replications for each subject and one plant in each pot. Fungi species (Clononotachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus) were used as soil inoculant to reduce soil salinity. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) was between 9.25 and 9.95 mS/m within 1 month in tomato cultivated soils, while the EC of the plant-free medium was between 10.4 and 11.4 mS/m: thus, the salt content did not differ statistically. EC values of the saline soils was decreased by 21-, 17-, 29 %, respectively, when Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus, Clononotachys rosea were applied to tomato plant growing soils. These fungi also decreased the soil EC values by 15-, 16-, 25 %, respectively, in the plant-free environment. The chlorophyll SPAD value of tomato plants grown in saline soils decreased from 22.65 to 0, however, the SPAD values of tomato plants grown in soils with Clononotachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus were increased from 22.4-, 25.6-, 24.1 to 29.3-, 50.2-, and 24.5. Similar findings were also observed for the increase in the chlorophyll content of the tomato plant. The fungi mentioned above also contributed to the increase of soil macro (Ca, Mg, K, P) and micro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) element contents, and to the improvement of soil available phosphorus amount (P2O5) with the increase in soil phosphorus content. Fungi inocula induced a statistically significant increase of soil micronutrient concentrations (p>0.05). Sodium (Na) concentration in saline soils did not change in inoculated-non-inoculated soils. These findings were interpreted as fungi inocula were not able to assimilate the salt from the soil, but they instead contributed to the release of macro and micro elements that were unavailable under saline conditions, possibly due to their metabolic activities. According to the results of soil analysis at the end of the experiment, it was revealed that the pH value was 7.72 in the control pots and 3.28 in the pots treated with Taloromyces funiculosus, and the EC value was 12.34 and 9.74 mS/m, respectively. Among the fungi studied, Taloromyces funiculosus was found to be more effective than other two fungi on decreasing soil salinity and increasing micronutrient availability to plants.

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