Tarih Bölümü

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Citation - Scopus: 8
At the resurrection we will not recognise one another': Radical devaluation of social relations in the lost model of anastasius' and pseudo-athanasius' questions and answers
(2013) Krausmüller, Dirk
The three centuries between 550 and 850 witnessed a debate about the state of human beings after the resurrection. The author of a now lost collection of Questions and Answers asserted that all resurrected would look like Christ in his thirtieth year and who made the further claim that without distinguishing characteristics it would be impossible for the resurrected to recognise people whom they had known during their earthly lives. This article reconstructs the debate surrounding this theory and identifies the factors that led to its emergence. © 2013 by Byzantion. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 3
Between Tritheism and Sabellianism: Trinitarian Speculation in John Italos' and Nicetas Stethatos' Confessions of Faith
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2016) Krausmüller, Dirk
This article focuses on two confessions of faith, which were composed in the late eleventh century by the philosopher John Italos and by the monk Nicetas Stethatos. In-depth analysis of selected passages shows that the two men subscribed to a Trinitarian theology that could be considered heretical. They denied the existence of a common divine substance that could safeguard the oneness of God and instead emphasised the closeness of the hypostases to each other, which made it impossible for them to accord to the hypostases the distinguishing function that the Cappadocians had given them. Thus it can be argued that it was their Tritheism that pushed them towards a 'Sabellian' solution. © 2016 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Biography as allegory
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Krausmüller, Dirk
Through comparison with Dante's Divine Comedy and with Late Antique allegorical interpretations of the Bible this article makes the case that Byzantine hagiographers encoded an allegorical dimension into their texts and that they did so in order to make value judgements that complement explicit evaluations of the behaviour of saints.
Citation - WoS: 4
Byzantine Monastic Communities: Alternative Families?
(ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD, 2013) Krausmüller, Dirk; Brubaker, L; Tougher, S
Byzantine monks addressed each other as fathers, sons or brothers, and monastic texts from the Middle Byzantine period are replete with terms and concepts that have the family as their original context. This chapter presents evidence for such spiritual' relationships within Byzantine monasteries and asks whether one can consider them as alternative families. It demonstrates that even after tonsure the relationship between spiritual fathers and their sons remained an important feature of monastic life. In late antiquity the lavra was only one of a range of social settings within which men could pursue a monastic lifestyle. The chapter then explores monastic rules from the late tenth and eleventh centuries, in order to assess whether this status quo underwent changes over time. It argues that the relationship between mentor and disciple reflects a broader culture of social networking, which shares important traits with the nuclear family but cannot be reduced to it.
Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era, c.680-850: A History
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2012) Krausmüller, Dirk
Although the title refers to the period between 680 and 850 as the ‘Iconoclast era’, the main aim of this book is to demonstrate that previous scholarship has exaggerated the importance of the controversy about religious images. The authors argue, firstly, that Iconoclasm was only one aspect in a much broader process of transformation, and secondly, that Iconoclasm itself was less significant than Iconophile sources would have us believe. The book is clearly intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the period. Owing to the specialisations of the two authors, the focus is on art history and on social, economic and administrative history, whereas literature is barely mentioned.
Debating the Saints' Cult in the Age of Gregory the Great
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2014) Krausmüller, Dirk
The topic of this book is a debate about the supernatural powers of saints and about the afterlife that took place during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. Chapters One and Two are devoted to Books II and IV of Gregory the Great’s Dialogi. In the former of these books Gregory explains how the miracles and prophecies of saints come about, and in the latter he deals with the afterlife and the efficacy of masses for the dead.
Citation - Scopus: 3
Hiding in plain sight: Heterodox trinitarian speculation in the writings of niketas stethatos
(Sankt-Peterburgskoe Obshchestvo Vizantino-Slavyanskih Issledovanii, 2013) Krausmüller, Dirk
This article makes the case that Niketas Stethatos, and Symeon the New Theologian before him, constructed an alternative Trinity where the divine nature, now called Spirit, becomes the "father" of a "son" and where this "son" in turn becomes the "father" of another "son." This model is set out in exposés of the Imago Trinitatis where the human image, which is defined as a nature, the soul, with two faculties, the mind and its off- spring, the word, serves as a starting-point for a reorganisation of the divine archetype, which when considered in isolation seems to be entirely orthodox.
Citation - Scopus: 2
John of phoberos, a 12th-century monastic founder, and his saints: Luke of mesembria and symeon of the wondrous mountain
(Societe des Bollandistes, 2016) Krausmüller, Dirk
Le moine Jean, abbé du monastère de Phoberos et auteur d’une règle monastique, tenait deux saints en haute estime, à savoir son prédécesseur Luc de Messembria et le stylite et abbé Syméon le Jeune (VIe s.). Si son rapport avec Luc peut se comprendre aisément, la vénération de Jean pour Syméon est, quant à elle, plus surprenante. Elle s’explique probablement par les activités littéraires des moines de la Sainte-Montagne, près d’Antioche, qui firent tout pour promouvoir leur saint patron.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Liturgical innovation in 11th- and 12th-century constantinople: Hours and inter-hours in the evergetis Typikon, its 'daughters' and its 'Grand-Daughters'
(2013) Krausmüller, Dirk
From the middle of the 11th century onwards the adoption of a new liturgical element, the inter-hours, and the communal performance of both hours and inter-hours on all days of the year were promoted as the hallmarks of monastic reform. The abbots of Evergetis monastery resisted this trend, most probably because they wished to leave space for individual expressions of worship. However, the pull of the reform discourse made it difficult to maintain such a position. This can be seen from the later adaptations of the Evergetis Typikon, which modify the text of their model by adding stipulations about communal performance of the hours and in most cases also of the inter-hours. Study of these adaptations further reveals that the Philanthropos Typikon was an adaptation of the Evergetis Typikon and in turn served as the model for the later rules of Kecharitomene and Machairas.
Origen: Exegesis and philosophy in early christian Alexandria
(Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2011) Krausmüller, Dirk
The past two decades have seen an explosion of interest in the late antique philosophical commentary tradition. This chapter explores the idea of translating the scholastic social experience by briefly considering the projects undertaken by four very different commentators active in the 520s and 530s. It looks at Olympiodorus' commentary on Plato's Gorgias, one of the earliest and least polished works written by the productive and long-lived scholar. The chapter considers how some facets of the project undertaken by Boethius suggest that he anticipates that his ideas will not be interpreted in a traditional classroom setting. It examines the puzzling decision of Sergius of Reshaina to write a Syriac commentary of an Aristotelian work for which no Syriac translation existed. Elias' description suggests something that is both self-evident and seldom recognized in modern discussions of the philosophical commentaries composed during late antiquity.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Origenism and anti-origenism in the late sixth and seventh centuries
(University of Notre Dame Press, 2016) Krausmüller, Dirk
Citation - Scopus: 1
Reconfiguring the trinity: Symeon the new theologian on the 'holy spirit' and the imago trinitatis
(2011) Krausmüller, Dirk
This article challenges the widespread view that the Byzantine theological discourse was averse to innovation and confined to restating official doctrine. It makes the case that the mystic Symeon the New Theologian constructed an alternative Trinity where the Spirit as the third hypostasis besides the Father and the Son is equated not with the product of the Father, which is suppressed, but with the common divine nature, and where this new third hypostasis is placed before the other two hypostases, which it is said to engender.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 3
Showing one's true colours: Patriarch Methodios on the morally improving effect of sacred images
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Krausmüller, Dirk
This brief article makes the case that Patriarch Methodios developed a distinctive icon theology. He argued that the saints had infused the colours of their faces with their holy essence and that these colours when separated from the bodies and transferred to images could thus lead to the moral improvement of the onlookers.
Citation - Scopus: 4
Sleeping souls and living corpses: Patriarch methodius' defence of the cult of saints
(Universa Press, 2015) Krausmüller, Dirk
In his Life of Euthymius of Sardes Patriarch Methodius accepts that the souls cannot function once they have been separated from the bodies. However, he then contends that in the case of the saints this link is never severed because their corpses remain uncorrupted and even capable of movement. The article offers an in-depth analysis of the text and makes the case that during the Second Iconoclasm there was not only opposition to the cult of saints but also a more wide-spread anxiety that dead saints might not be active after all. © 2015 by Byzantion. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 17
The vitae b, c and a of theodore the stoudite: Their interrelation, dates, authors and significance for the history of the stoudios monastery in the tenth Century
(Societe des Bollandistes, 2013) Krausmüller, Dirk
L’article entend démontrer que la Vita C de Théodore Stoudite est une métaphrase de la Vita B et que la Vita A s’avère, de son côté, être un remaniement de la Vita C. Le style littéraire, l’auteur, la date et la motivation de ces trois textes sont ensuite examinés.

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Browsing Tarih Bölümü by Institution Author "Krausmüller, Dirk"