Turizm Fakültesi

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Aflatoxin M1 in Human Breast Milk in Southeastern Turkey
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Kılıç Altun, S.; Gürbüz, S.; Ayağ, E.
This study was performed to determine aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in human breast milk samples collected in Şanlıurfa, located in Southeastern region of Turkey, and to investigate a possible correlation between AFM1 occurrence (frequency and levels) and sampling seasons. Human breast milk samples collected in December 2014 and in June 2015 from a total of 74 nursing women, both outpatient and inpatient volunteers in hospitals located in Şanlıurfa, Turkey, were analyzed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of AFM1. AFM1 was detected in 66 (89.2%) out of 74 samples at an average concentration of 19.0 ± 13.0 ng/l (min.-max., 9.6–80 ng/l). There was a statistically significant difference between December and June concerning AFM1 levels (p < 0.05). Further detailed studies will be needed to determine the main sources of aflatoxins in food, to establish protection strategies against maternal and infant exposure to these mycotoxins. © 2016, Society for Mycotoxin Research and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival: actions and strategies from the perspectives of policymakers in Portugal
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2021) Seyitoğlu, Faruk; Costa, Carlos; Malta, Ana Maria
This research explores the dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival from the perspectives of policymakers in Portugal. Accordingly, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with policymakers representing Portugal’s regional and national level tourism organisations. The findings include six main themes: financial actions, structural and logical strategies, demand-related strategies, workforce aspects and actions, marketing and promoting strategies, and optimization of funds. By providing the necessary actions and strategies, the present study results will be helpful for destinations to develop effective crisis management planning in the (post-)viral tourism to revive. Additionally, this paper is the first to reveal in detail the dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival from the perspectives of policymakers who are in significant positions of regional and national level tourism organizations. Thence, the findings are original and will contribute to the tourism literature.
Distant local-guided tour perceptions and experiences of online travellers
(Sage Journals, 2022) Seyitoğlu, Faruk; Atsız, Ozan
This paper investigated travellers’ perceptions and experiences of using distant local guided tours during the COVID-19 pandemic utilising a qualitative methodology. The reviews’ content of online travellers regarding distant local-guided tours offered by a sharing economy platform – Withlocals – in different destinations was analysed. The results demonstrated that travellers’ distant local-guided tour experiences include celebration, togetherness and socialising, escape and relaxation, memorable, educational, and hedonic components. Additionally, travellers perceived distant local-guided tours as an alternative travel type, preparation for an actual visit, and inspiration for face-to-face experiences. Therefore, distant local-guided tours can be defined as engaging alternative travel types that provide multidimensional experiences and help explore a destination before the in-person visit. Apart from playing a guidance role for scholars and practitioners, this research fills the gap of research on distant local-guided tours in the literature. However, future attempts could shed more light on the subject
Equal employment opportunity and diversity in restaurant labor: perspectives of restaurant employees and managers in the USA
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2024) Seyitoglu, Faruk; Atsiz, Ozan; Acar, Aysegul
PurposeThis study was designed to contribute to the extant literature by discovering the perceptions of restaurant employees and managers toward equal opportunities in restaurant labor and working in a diversity-rich restaurant work environment.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was utilized. Through in-depth interviews, data were collected purposefully from restaurant workers in different positions (e.g. managers, servers, chefs and cooks) in the USA.FindingsAs a result of content analysis, different perspectives emerged on equal employment opportunity and diversity in restaurant labor. While some employees and managers believe that restaurant labor has equal employment opportunities, others think there is a lack of equal employment opportunity and partial equal employment opportunity in the industry. Most participants perceive working in a diversity-rich restaurant work environment as beneficial (an opportunity to learn about different cultures and an opportunity to learn different experiences and approaches).Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to explore employees' and managers' perceptions of equal employment opportunity and diversity in the hospitality labor context, specifically restaurant labor. Therefore, the research findings will create value for scholars to understand the view on equal employment opportunity and diversity in restaurant labor. Further, it will assist practitioners in designing their labor structure regarding equal employment opportunity and diversity management for the future.
Humans and/or robots? Tourists’ preferences towards the humans–robots mix in the service delivery system
(SpringerLink, 2022) Ivanov, Stanislav; Webster, Craig; Seyitoğlu, Faruk
This paper investigates tourists’ preferences toward the humans-robots ratio in the service delivery systems of tourism and hospitality companies and the factors that shape them. The sample includes 1537 respondents from nearly 100 countries. The fndings show that a higher preferred share of robots is positively associated with the perceived emotional skills of robots, their perceived usefulness in the tourism/ hospitality context, perceived robotic service expectations, attitudes towards robots in general, and the male gender. On the other side, it is negatively associated with the perceived disadvantages of robots compared to human servers and the household size of respondents.
Is it possible to get to know a culture through cooking classes? Tourists experiences of cooking classes in İstanbul
(Elsevier, 2022) Yiğit, Serkan
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and comprehend foreign tourists' cooking class experiences in Istanbul. In the study conducted a qualitative case study method was used by analyzing the comments of the travelers and using the User-Generated Content (UGC) technique. The data in the study was collected via TripAdvisor, from tourists' reviews (n: 1228) between December 10, 2021 and January 10, 2022. The findings from cooking class experiences are diverse and are based on a variety of dimensions hospitality of locals, value/price, memorable experience, authentic experience, culture learning experience, social interaction, culinary characteristics, and instructor attributes. As a result of in-depth examination of the cooking class experience, it was concluded that cooking classes can be a tool in learning a new culture. In addition the study substantially contributes to the cooking class experience literature and providing a deep understanding of tourists’ cooking class experiences.
A netnography approach on the daily local-guided shopping tour experiences of travellers: An unexplored facet of the sharing economy
(Sage Journals, 2022) Atsız, Ozan; Seyitoğlu, Faruk
This research explores the travellers’ experience of daily local-guided shopping tours offered in a sharing economy platform-Withlocals using a netnography approach. Reviews of travellers participating in daily local-guided shopping tours in different destinations were gathered, and their content was analysed. As a result, seven main components of experiences of daily-local guided shopping tours revealed: guide, shopping companion, learning, hedonic experience, memorable experience, local interaction, and shop characteristics. The study substantially contributes to the shopping experience and sharing economy literature by providing a deep understanding of travellers’ shopping experiences in the local guided tours organised through sharing economy platforms.
A scenario planning framework for the (post-)pandemic tourism in European destinations
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2022) Seyitoğlu, Faruk; Costa, Carlos
Based on some presumptions or conditions to portray the future, scenario planning is a vital tool for scholarly evaluation of uncertainties and forming supportive strategies. Moreover, seeing that the course of the Covid-19 pandemic and the success of herd immunity is still not predictable, the world should be prepared for different future scenarios. In this vein, this study was designed to develop a scenario planning framework for the (post-)pandemic tourism in European destinations to make assumptions for the future and provide the necessary strategies. According to our scenarios, we suggest strategies comprising six main categories (financial strategies, travellers’ expectations and confidence, coordination and collaboration, employment, (post-)pandemic tourism marketing, and sustainable (post-) pandemic tourism) for policymakers, destination managers, stakeholders, and practitioners in European destinations. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first that presents a comprehensive scenario planning framework for (post-)pandemic tourism in European destinations. Thus, it can play a reference role in understanding the different circumstances and determining the specific strategies to recover or re-design the industry in the (post-)pandemic epoch.
Tourism, automation and responsible consumption and production: a horizon 2050 paper
(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Ivanov, S.; Seyitoğlu, F.; Webster, C.
Purpose: By focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) and tourism automation, this perspective paper aims to investigate how tourism and automation will work to create a world in which tourism has more sustainable production and consumption patterns. Design/methodology/approach: This perspective paper reviews the past developments of automation in tourism in the context of sustainable production and consumption patterns, the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and looks at the future of tourism and how automation will help it be more sustainable in terms of consumption and production patterns. Findings: The insights from this analysis suggest that automation technologies will play a major role in both the supply and demand sides of the tourism and hospitality industry, encouraging increased tourism sustainability. While automation technologies will have the greatest impact on the supply side in the near future, as such technologies will be used to minimise waste and energy usage, creating large gains for environmental protection, the technologies will also benefit responsible consumption. Big data and analytical technologies will work in ways to ensure that consumers are nudged into consumer practices that are increasingly sustainable. Originality/value: This perspective paper synthesises the literature on the subjects, namely, automation and SDG 12 in tourism, and points to important new future research agenda. This is one of the first papers in tourism to blend automation and SDG 12 literature to shed light on the use of automation in sustainable consumption and production in tourism. © 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Tourophobia: fear of travel resulting from man-made or natural disasters
(Tourism Review, 2021) Çakar, Kadir
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how crises impact overall tourist behaviour and travel preferences in times of crisis events, both man-made and natural disasters. In doing so, the present paper has been designed to provide a new conceptualization of travellers’ shifting preferences in terms of the selection of holiday destinations through the new concept of tourophobia and to classify this as a new type of tourist behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: The present study uses a literature review as a qualitative deductive content analysis of 58 field studies published by major hospitality and tourism journals. By using a deductive content analysis approach, the current paper is designed to delineate tourist behaviour through a generic review of relevant literature detailing travellers’ preferences in times of crisis. Findings: The developed concept of tourophobia and the suggested model, which proposes two possible scenarios, shows that traveller behaviour is heterogeneous in terms of the destination selection process; this finding is based on a content analysis of the articles chosen. Further, by using the developed model, the decline in travel and tourism can also be explained by an increase in what is termed in this paper “tourophobia”, which results from the various devastating effects of crises. Research limitations/implications: The proposed model is expected to help destination managers and marketers to segment and forecast the future market demand of tourist travel preferences, thereby enabling them to form effective marketing strategies and increase their responsiveness during difficult times. Only articles from hospitality and tourism journals were subjected to content analysis; this is a major limitation of the study. Originality/value: The present research contributes to current knowledge by describing the concept of tourophobia as a tourist behaviour in times of crisis. As an emerging phenomenon, it is also introduced as being one criterion for the selection of destinations and, therefore, is regarded as a driver for tourist behaviour, thus generating the originality of the paper. This study strives to provide a new direction for future studies on tourist behaviour, rather than offering new empirical data.
Understanding travellers’ reactions to robotic services: a multiple case study approach of robotic hotels
(Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 2021) Çakar, Kadir; Aykol, Şehmus
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate travellers’ behaviour and examine their reactions to high-tech hotels offering robotic services to customers. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered from user-generated content within the context of a qualitative research method by analysing the online narratives of travellers at TripAdvisor who visited robotic hotels. Data analysis was realised through content analysis, which revealed various themes and categories of traveller behaviour and reactions to technology. Findings: Results show that robotic services significantly improve the quality of service offered to travellers, while positively affecting travellers’ intention to revisit robotic hotels within the context of customer engagement behaviours. Research limitations/implications: The results of the present research reveal that the introduction of new technologies in the service industry, such as the robotic butler, can have considerable effects on guest behaviour and attitudes. This field has emerged as a new sub-dimension of customer engagement. Practical implications: The use of robots will most likely enhance experiences through interaction between customers and robots. Additionally, in cases where social distancing is required, the use of robots in the hospitality and tourism industry may increase the mobility of people wishing to travel by applying social distancing through use of robots in services. Originality/value: The study contributes to the extant literature by identifying the concept of adoption as a sub-dimension deriving from human–robot interaction, thus generating the novelty of the research.

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